Visible-light positioning (VLP) has been considered as a promising indoor positioning technology due to its high precision and low cost. However, current VLP techniques are greatly limited by the assumption that lights have to be turned on to emit shining light beams, which is not applicable to scenarios that do not need the illumination all the time. In this article, we design and implement a novel VLP system, DarkVLP, to achieve high-precision positioning when lights are "turned off." The "turn off" state means lights emit the extremely low luminance that is imperceptible to human eyes. In order to realize such a system, we have to tackle nontrivial challenges in data encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and positioning algorithm. Specifically, we propose the sliding rheostat-based modulation scheme to eliminate the need of a complex signal synchronization mechanism and landmark recognition algorithm at the receiver. We also propose the dual-photodiode-based positioning algorithm, which effectively mitigates effects of substantial signal strength fluctuation, to reliably achieve VLP. In the end, we design novel circuits and prototype our system DarkVLP on commercial off-the-shelf devices. The results of extensive experiments demonstrate that our DarkVLP system could achieve submeter precision under the extremely low luminance, which greatly broadens application scenarios of VLP.

Xiangyu Liu

Xuetao Wei

Lei Guo

Song Song

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

IEEE 物联网 (IOT) 期刊发表关于物联网各个方面最新进展的文章和评论文章。主题包括物联网系统架构、物联网支持技术、物联网通信和网络协议（如网络编码）以及物联网服务和应用程序。例如，物联网对传感器技术、大数据管理和未来互联网设计的需求、影响和影响，以及各种物联网用例的未来互联网设计，如智能城市、智能环境、智能家居等。感兴趣的领域包括：物联网架构，如以物为中心、以数据为中心、面向服务的物联网架构；物联网使能技术和系统集成，如传感器技术、大传感器数据管理和物联网未来互联网设计； IOT 服务、应用程序和测试平台，例如 IOT 服务中间件、IOT 应用程序编程接口 (API)、IOT 应用程序设计和 IOT 试验/实验； IEEE、IETF、ITU、3GPP、ETSI等不同标准开发组织（SDO）的物联网标准化活动和技术开发。

The IEEE Internet of Things Journal publishes articles and reviews on the latest advancements in various aspects of the Internet of Things (IoT). Key topics include IoT system architecture, enabling technologies, communication and network protocols (such as network coding), as well as IoT services and applications. The journal explores the demands and impacts of IoT on sensor technologies, big data management, and future internet design, along with the future internet design of various IoT use cases such as smart cities, smart environments, and smart homes. Areas of interest include IoT architectures (such as object-centric, data-centric, and service-oriented architectures); enabling technologies and system integration for IoT (such as sensor technologies, big data management, and future internet design); IoT services, applications, and testing platforms (such as IoT service middleware, APIs, application design, and experimentation); and the standardization activities and technological developments of various standards development organizations (SDOs) like IEEE, IETF, ITU, 3GPP, and ETSI.

IEEE 物联网 (IoT) 期刊发表关于物联网各个方面最新进展的文章和评论。主要主题包括物联网系统架构、支持技术、通信和网络协议（如网络编码），以及物联网服务和应用程序。期刊探讨物联网对传感器技术、大数据管理和未来互联网设计的需求与影响，以及智能城市、智能环境、智能家居等各种物联网用例的未来互联网设计。感兴趣的领域包括：物联网架构（如以物为中心、以数据为中心、面向服务的架构）；物联网使能技术和系统集成（如传感器技术、大数据管理和未来互联网设计）；IoT 服务、应用程序和测试平台（如 IoT 服务中间件、API、应用程序设计和实验）；以及 IEEE、IETF、ITU、3GPP、ETSI 等标准开发组织的物联网标准化活动和技术开发。

IEEE Internet Things J.

DarkVLP: “Lights-Off” Visible-Light Positioning

This article designs and implements a novel VLP system to achieve high-precision positioning when lights are “turned off,” and proposes the sliding rheostat-based modulation scheme to eliminate the need of a complex signal synchronization mechanism and landmark recognition algorithm at the receiver.

Category	Quartile
计算机科学	1
计算机科学, 计算机信息系统	1
计算机科学, 工程电子与电气	1
计算机科学, 电信学	1

DarkVLP: “Lights-Off” Visible-Light Positioning

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