The production of most farmed molluscs, including mussels, oysters, scallops, abalone, and clams, is heavily dependent on natural seed from the plankton. Closing the lifecycle of species in hatcheries can secure independence from wild stocks and enables long-term genetic improvement of broodstock through selective breeding. Genomic techniques have the potential to revolutionize hatchery-based selective breeding by improving our understanding of the characteristics of mollusc genetics that can pose a challenge for intensive aquaculture and by providing a new suite of tools for genetic improvement. Here we review characteristics of the life history and genetics of molluscs including high fecundity, self-fertilization, high genetic diversity, genetic load, high incidence of deleterious mutations and segregation distortion, and critically assess their impact on the design and effectiveness of selective breeding strategies. A survey of the results of current breeding programs in the literature show that selective breeding with inbreeding control is likely the best strategy for genetic improvement of most molluscs, and on average growth rate can be improved by 10% per generation and disease resistance by 15% per generation across the major farmed species by implementing individual or family-based selection. Rapid advances in sequencing technology have resulted in a wealth of genomic resources for key species with the potential to greatly improve hatchery-based selective breeding of molluscs. In this review, we catalog the range of genomic resources currently available for molluscs of aquaculture interest and discuss the bottlenecks, including lack of high-quality reference genomes and the relatively high cost of genotyping, as well as opportunities for applying genomics-based selection.

Christopher M. Hollenbeck

Ian A. Johnston

Frontiers in Genetics

FRONTIERS IN GENETICS 发表了经过严格同行评审的关于与生命的所有领域相关的基因和基因组的研究，从人类到植物，再到牲畜和其他模式生物。这本多学科、开放获取的期刊由世界领先专家组成的杰出编辑委员会领导，处于向研究人员、学者、临床医生、政策制定者和公众传播前沿研究的前沿。遗传研究及其影响各种生物过程的基因组有据可查。然而，大多数发现仍有待发现。一个新时代正在见证基因组功能和变异性、遗传和基因组工具的使用以及各种生物现象的遗传基础分析方面的重大发展。

Frontiers in Genetics publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research on genes and genomes related to all fields of life, from humans to plants, livestock, and other model organisms. This multidisciplinary, open-access journal is led by a distinguished editorial board composed of world-leading experts, at the forefront of disseminating cutting-edge research to researchers, scholars, clinicians, policymakers, and the public. Genetic research and the genomic basis of its impact on various biological processes are well-documented; however, many discoveries remain to be made. We are witnessing a new era of significant advancements in the understanding of genomic functions and variability, the use of genetic and genomic tools, and the analysis of the genetic basis of various biological phenomena.

《Frontiers in Genetics》发表经过严格同行评审的研究，涵盖与生命相关的所有领域的基因和基因组，从人类到植物，再到牲畜和其他模式生物。这本多学科、开放获取的期刊由世界领先的专家组成的杰出编辑委员会领导，致力于向研究人员、学者、临床医生、政策制定者和公众传播前沿研究。遗传研究及其对各种生物过程的影响的基因组有据可查，但仍有许多发现待探索。我们正处于一个新时代，见证基因组功能和变异性、遗传和基因组工具的使用，以及对各种生物现象的遗传基础分析方面的重大进展。

Front. Genet.

Genomic Tools and Selective Breeding in Molluscs

Characteristics of the life history and genetics of molluscs including high fecundity, self-fertilization, high genetic diversity, genetic load, high incidence of deleterious mutations and segregation distortion are reviewed and critically assess their impact on the design and effectiveness of selective breeding strategies.

Category	Quartile
生物学	3
生物学, 遗传学	3

Genomic Tools and Selective Breeding in Molluscs

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