Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become the breakthrough technology most anticipated to have a transformative effect on pharmaceutical research and development (R&D). This is partially driven by revolutionary advances in computational technology and the parallel dissipation of previous constraints to the collection/processing of large volumes of data. Meanwhile, the cost of bringing new drugs to market and to patients has become prohibitively expensive. Recognizing these headwinds, AI/ML techniques are appealing to the pharmaceutical industry due to their automated nature, predictive capabilities, and the consequent expected increase in efficiency. ML approaches have been used in drug discovery over the past 15-20 years with increasing sophistication. The most recent aspect of drug development where positive disruption from AI/ML is starting to occur, is in clinical trial design, conduct, and analysis. The COVID-19 pandemic may further accelerate utilization of AI/ML in clinical trials due to an increased reliance on digital technology in clinical trial conduct. As we move towards a world where there is a growing integration of AI/ML into R&D, it is critical to get past the related buzz-words and noise. It is equally important to recognize that the scientific method is not obsolete when making inferences about data. Doing so will help in separating hope from hype and lead to informed decision-making on the optimal use of AI/ML in drug development. This manuscript aims to demystify key concepts, present use-cases and finally offer insights and a balanced view on the optimal use of AI/ML methods in R&D.

Sheela Kolluri

Jianchang Lin

Rachael Liu

Yanwei Zhang

Wenwen Zhang

The AAPS journal

AAPS 杂志是美国药物科学家协会 (AAPS) 的官方期刊，发表了影响人类和兽医治疗的药物科学各个领域的新颖而重要的发现，包括：· 药物设计和发现· 制药生物技术· 生物制药、制剂, 和药物递送· 代谢和运输· 药代动力学、药效学和药效学· 转化研究· 临床评估和治疗结果· 监管科学我们邀请以下文章类型提交：· 原创研究文章· 评论和小型评论· 白皮书、评论, 和社论· 会议报告· 简要/技术报告和快速通信· 监管说明· 教程· 药物科学协议此外，AAPS 期刊还发布由客座编辑组织的主题，重点关注我们领域当前感兴趣的特定领域.

AAPS Journal is the official journal of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), publishing novel and significant findings across various fields of pharmaceutical science that impact human and veterinary therapeutics. The main topics include: drug design and discovery, pharmaceutical biotechnology, biopharmaceuticals, formulation and drug delivery, metabolism and transport, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, translational research, clinical evaluation and therapeutic outcomes, and regulatory science. We invite submissions of the following article types: original research articles, reviews and mini-reviews, white papers, commentaries and editorials, conference reports, brief/technical reports and rapid communications, regulatory guidelines, tutorials, and pharmaceutical science protocols. Additionally, AAPS Journal publishes themed issues organized by guest editors, focusing on specific areas of current interest in our field.

AAPS Journal 是美国药物科学家协会 (AAPS) 的官方期刊，发表影响人类和兽医治疗的药物科学各个领域的新颖而重要的发现。主要涵盖以下主题：药物设计与发现、制药生物技术、生物制药、制剂与药物递送、代谢与运输、药代动力学、药效学、转化研究、临床评估与治疗结果以及监管科学。我们欢迎以下类型的文章提交：原创研究文章、评论与小型评论、白皮书、评论与社论、会议报告、简要/技术报告与快速通信、监管说明、教程及药物科学协议。此外，AAPS Journal 还发布由客座编辑组织的主题，重点关注我们领域当前感兴趣的特定领域。

Category	Quartile
医学	3
医学, 药学	3

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: a Review.

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY	1