The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), also known as Hoffa's fat pad, is an intracapsular, extrasynovial structure that fills the anterior knee compartment, and is richly vascularized and innervated. Its degree of innervation, the proportion of substance-P-containing fibres and close relationship to its posterior synovial lining implicates IFP pathologies as a source of infrapatellar knee pain. Though the precise function of the IFP is unknown, studies have shown that it may play a role in the biomechanics of the knee or act as a store for reparative cells after injury. Inflammation and fibrosis within the IFP, caused by trauma and/or surgery can lead to a variety of arthrofibrotic lesions including Hoffa's disease, anterior interval scarring and infrapatellar contracture syndrome. Lesions or mass-like abnormalities rarely occur within the IFP, but their classification can be narrowed down by radiographical appearance. Clinically, patients with IFP pathology present with burning or aching infrapatellar anterior knee pain that can often be reproduced on physical exam with manoeuvres designed to produce impingement. Sagittal MRI is the most common imaging technique used to assess IFP pathology including fibrosis, inflammation, oedema, and mass-like lesions. IFP pathology is often successfully managed with physical therapy. Passive taping is used to unload or shorten an inflamed IFP, and closed chain quadriceps exercises can improve lower limb control and patellar congruence. Training of the gluteus medius and stretching the anterior hip may help to decrease internal rotation of the hip and valgus force at the knee. Gait training and avoiding hyperextension can also be used for long-term management. Injections within the IFP of local anaesthetic plus corticosteroids and IFP ablation with ultrasound guided alcohol injections have been successfully explored as treatments for IFP pain. IFP pathology refractory to physical therapy can be approached through a variety of operative treatments. Arthroscopic partial resection for IFP impingement and Hoffa's disease has showed favourable results; however, total excision of the IFP performed concomitantly with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) resulted in worse results when compared with TKA alone. Arthroscopic debridement of IFP fibrosis has been successfully used to treat extension block following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and arthroscopic anterior interval release has been an effective treatment for pain associated with anterior interval scarring. Arthroscopic resection of infrapatellar plicae and denervation of the inferior pole of the patella have also been shown to be effective treatments for refractory infrapatellar pain.

Jason L Dragoo

Christina Johnson

Jenny McConnell

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)

运动医学专注于解释和评估当前文献的权威和全面的评论文章，为运动医学和运动领域的研究结果提供理论基础和应用。该杂志发表的评论涵盖的主要主题包括：-运动医学和运动科学，包括运动表现研究。-与运动和锻炼相关的医学综合症。-临床医学通过伤害预防和治疗在运动中发挥的实际作用。-运动对康复和健康的医学用途。-生理和生物力学原理在特定运动中的应用。运动医学还发表：-提供有争议或新兴问题概述的领先/当前观点文章。-高质量原创研究文章。附加增强功能（包括幻灯片、视频和动画）可以与文章一起发布；这些旨在提高期刊内容的知名度、读者群和教育价值。此外，在运动医学上发表的文章可能附有简明的语言摘要，以帮助读者了解重要的医学进展。所有手稿均需经过国际专家的同行评审。欢迎给编辑来信，并将考虑出版。

The journal "Sports Medicine" focuses on authoritative and comprehensive reviews of current literature, providing a theoretical foundation and application for research findings in the fields of sports medicine and exercise. The main topics covered in the reviews published by the journal include: - Sports medicine and exercise science, including research on athletic performance; - Medical syndromes related to exercise and physical activity; - The practical role of clinical medicine in injury prevention and treatment in sports; - The medical applications of exercise in rehabilitation and health; - The application of physiological and biomechanical principles in specific sports. Additionally, "Sports Medicine" publishes: - Leading/current viewpoint articles that provide an overview of controversial or emerging issues; - High-quality original research articles. Supplementary enhancements (including slides, videos, and animations) may be published alongside articles to enhance the visibility, readership, and educational value of the journal's content. Furthermore, articles published in "Sports Medicine" may include concise language summaries to help readers grasp important medical advancements. All manuscripts undergo peer review by international experts. Readers are welcome to contact the editors, and submissions will be considered for publication.

《Sports Medicine》期刊专注于对当前文献的权威和全面的评论，旨在为运动医学和运动领域的研究成果提供理论基础和应用。该杂志发表的评论涵盖的主要主题包括：- 运动医学和运动科学，包括运动表现的研究；- 与运动和锻炼相关的医学综合症；- 临床医学在运动中的实际作用，尤其是伤害预防和治疗；- 运动在康复和健康中的医学应用；- 生理学和生物力学原理在特定运动中的应用。此外，《Sports Medicine》还发表：- 提供有争议或新兴问题概述的领先/当前观点文章；- 高质量的原创研究文章。附加的增强功能（如幻灯片、视频和动画）可以与文章一起发布，旨在提高期刊内容的知名度、读者群和教育价值。此外，在《Sports Medicine》上发表的文章可能附有简明的语言摘要，以帮助读者了解重要的医学进展。所有手稿均需经过国际专家的同行评审。欢迎读者给编辑来信，投稿将被考虑。

Sports Medicine

Sports Med

Evaluation and treatment of disorders of the infrapatellar fat pad.

Inflammation and fibrosis within the IFP, caused by trauma and/or surgery can lead to a variety of arthrofibrotic lesions including Hoffa’s disease, anterior interval scarring and infrapatellar contracture syndrome.

Category	Quartile
医学	1
医学, 运动科学	1

Evaluation and treatment of disorders of the infrapatellar fat pad.

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Category	Quartile
SPORT SCIENCES	1