Neutrophils were traditionally considered as short-lived cells with abundant secretory and protein synthetic activity. Recent studies, however, indicate neutrophils are in reality a heterogeneous population of cells. Neutrophils differentiate from pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow, and can further mature in the blood stream and can have different phenotypes in health and disease conditions. Neutrophils undergo primary functions such as phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of lipid mediators and inflammatory proteins (mainly cytokines), and apoptosis. Neutrophils stimulate other neutrophils and trigger a cascade of immune and inflammatory responses. The underpinning intracellular metabolisms that support these neutrophil functions are herein reported. It has been known for many decades that neutrophils utilize glucose as a primary fuel and produce lactate as an end product of glycolysis. Neutrophils metabolize glucose through glycolysis and the pentose- phosphate pathway (PPP). Mitochondrial glucose oxidation is very low. The PPP provides the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for the NADPH-oxidase (NOX) complex activity to produce superoxide from oxygen. These cells also utilize glutamine and fatty acids to produce the required adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and precursors for the synthesis of molecules that trigger functional outcomes. Neutrophils obtained from rat intraperitoneal cavity and incubate for 1 hour at 37°C metabolize glutamine at higher rate than that of glucose. Glutamine delays neutrophil apoptosis and maintains optimal NOX activity for superoxide production. Under limited glucose provision, neutrophils move to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to obtain the required energy for the cell function. FAO is mainly associated with neutrophil differentiation and maturation. Hypoxia, hormonal dysfunction, and physical exercise markedly change neutrophil metabolism. It is now become clear that neutrophil metabolism underlies the heterogeneity of neutrophil phenotypes and should be intense focus of investigation.

Rui Curi

Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires

Eliane Borges da Silva

Sarah de Oliveira Poma

Raquel Freitas Zambonatto

Paola Domenech

Mariana Mendes de Almeida

Raquel Bragante Gritte

Talita Souza-Siqueira

Renata GorjÃ£o

Philip Newsholme

Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry

细胞生理学和生物化学是一个致力于推进基础细胞研究前沿的多学科科学论坛。它面向来自生理和生化学科以及遗传学、分子生物学、病理生理学、病理生物化学和细胞毒理学和药理学等相关领域的科学家。发表了关于细胞内传递、细胞代谢、细胞生长、分化和死亡、离子通道和载体以及细胞体积的维持、调节和干扰的机制的原创论文和综述。细胞生理学和生物化学每月都会在同行评审下出现，在国际社会共同努力解开细胞功能机制方面发挥了积极作用。

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry is a multidisciplinary scientific forum dedicated to advancing the frontiers of basic cellular research. It targets scientists from various fields, including physiology, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, pathophysiology, pathobiochemistry, cytotoxicology, and pharmacology. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on mechanisms of intracellular signaling, cellular metabolism, growth, differentiation, and death, as well as the maintenance, regulation, and disruption of cell volume, ion channels, and carriers. It is published monthly and undergoes peer review, playing an active role in the international community's efforts to unravel the mechanisms of cellular function.

《Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry》是一个多学科科学论坛，致力于推动基础细胞研究的前沿。该期刊面向来自生理学、生物化学、遗传学、分子生物学、病理生理学、病理生物化学、细胞毒理学和药理学等相关领域的科学家。期刊发表原创论文和综述，内容涵盖细胞内信号传递、细胞代谢、细胞生长、分化与死亡、离子通道和载体的机制，以及细胞体积的维持、调节和干扰等方面。每月定期出版，并经过同行评审，为国际科学界共同揭示细胞功能机制做出了积极贡献。

Cell Physiol Biochem

The Critical Role of Cell Metabolism for Essential Neutrophil Functions

It has been known for many decades that neutrophils utilize glucose as a primary fuel and produce lactate as an end product of glycolysis, and the underpinning intracellular metabolisms that support these neutrophil functions are herein reported.

The Critical Role of Cell Metabolism for Essential Neutrophil Functions

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
PHYSIOLOGY	2