In this study, we test the extent to which people who reside in hypothetically car-independent neighbourhoods travel  multimodally and perceive themselves as car dependent. We used the Flemish region as our study case, and defined a car-independent neighbourhood as an area with a high node and a high place value. A cluster analysis with four constituent variables – car use frequency, bicycle use frequency, vehicle kilometers travelled (VKT) and the need for a car to carry out daily activities - led to defining four heterogeneous groups of car owners. We labelled the groups as car-dependent motorists - long distance, car-dependent motorists - short distance, car-independent cyclists and car-dependent cyclists. We found all clusters to be to some extent multimodal. For our selected study area, car ownership does not necessarily induce perceived car-dependence among people who can easily get around by bicycle. Nevertheless, even in an urban setting and when exhibiting multimodal travel patterns, people can perceive their car as indispensable. Perceived car dependence is not necessarily correlated with high VKT or high frequency of car use, neither can we conclude that multimodal behaviour necessarily leads to less VKT.

Eva Van Eenoo

Koos Fransen

Kobe Boussauw

European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research

The European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research (EJTIR) is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal, freely accessible through the internet. EJTIR aims to present the results of high-quality scientific research to a readership of academics, practitioners and policy-makers.    It is our ambition to be the journal of choice in the field of transport and infrastructure both for readers and authors. To achieve this ambition, EJTIR distinguishes itself from other journals in its field, both through its scope and the way it is published.

The European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research (EJTIR) is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal that is freely accessible online. EJTIR aims to present the results of high-quality scientific research to an audience of academics, practitioners, and policymakers. Our ambition is to be the journal of choice in the field of transport and infrastructure for both readers and authors. To achieve this ambition, EJTIR distinguishes itself from other journals in its field through its scope and the manner in which it is published.

《欧洲交通与基础设施研究期刊》（European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research，简称EJTIR）是一份经过同行评审的学术期刊，内容可通过互联网自由获取。EJTIR旨在向学术界、从业者和政策制定者展示高质量科学研究的成果。我们的目标是成为交通与基础设施领域内读者和作者的首选期刊。为了实现这一目标，EJTIR在其研究范围和出版方式上与该领域的其他期刊有所区别。

Category	Quartile
工程技术	4
工程技术, 交通运输	4

Perceived car dependence and multimodality in urban areas in Flanders (Belgium)

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