Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common occurrence associated with many different classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Gastrointestinal toxicity includes mucositis, diarrhea, and constipation, and can often be a dose-limiting complication, induce cessation of treatment and could be life threatening. The gastrointestinal epithelium is rich in rapidly dividing cells and hence is a prime target for chemotherapeutic drugs. The incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity, including diarrhea and mucositis, is extremely high for a wide array of chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens. In fact, 60%-100% of patients on high-dose chemotherapy suffer from gastrointestinal side effects. Unfortunately, treatment options are limited, and therapy is often restricted to palliative care. Therefore, there is a great unmet therapeutic need for preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicities in the clinic. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and mucositis, and emerging mechanisms involving the enteric nervous system, smooth muscle cells and enteric immune cells. Recent evidence has also implicated gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of not only chemotherapy-induced mucositis and diarrhea, but also chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Oxidative stress induced by chemotherapeutic agents results in post-translational modification of ion channels altering neuronal excitability. Thus, investigating how chemotherapyinduced changes in the gut-microbiome axis may lead to gut-related toxicities will be critical in the discovery of new drug targets for mitigating adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with chemotherapy treatment.

Hamid I. Akbarali

Karan H. Muchhala

Donald K. Jessup

Stanley Cheatham

Advances in Cancer Research

癌症研究进展 (ACR) 涵盖了一段非凡的发现时期，其中包括生物学革命的开始。癌症研究进展 (ACR) 涵盖了一段非凡的发现时期，其中包括生物学革命的开始。第一本 ACR 卷出版于 WATSON 和 CRICK 报道生物学中心法则 DNA 双螺旋的那一年。在前 100 卷中，发现了一些帮助塑造这场革命的人的许多贡献，他们在癌症研究中取得了许多显着的发现，并由此发展而来。

Advances in Cancer Research covers significant advancements in the field of cancer research, marking the beginning of a biological revolution. The first volume was published in the same year that Watson and Crick reported the double helix structure of DNA. In the first 100 volumes, numerous contributions from scientists who shaped this revolution led to significant discoveries in cancer research, driving the development of the field.

《Advances in Cancer Research》涵盖了癌症研究领域的重大进展，标志着生物学革命的开端。第一卷的出版恰逢沃森和克里克报道DNA双螺旋结构的那一年。在前100卷中，许多为这场革命做出贡献的科学家们在癌症研究中取得了显著的发现，这些发现推动了该领域的发展。

Category	Quartile
医学	2
医学, 肿瘤学	3

Chemotherapy induced gastrointestinal toxicities

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