Abstract Classification of mathematics tasks has long been an important part of classroom assessment. The classification systems used in this context are based on different approaches and often make use of different categories of analysis. Comprehensive studies that examine these aspects in terms of their interrelationships, and thus shed light on the contribution of classification systems to research and practice, are of great benefit. The present study provides a systematic overview of classification systems for mathematics tasks (search period: 1956–2023; worldwide distribution). It includes 17 such classification systems developed between 1963 and 2019. These systems are analyzed with the help of a model developed here. On the one hand, this model focuses on the aspects of the use of the classification systems; on the other hand, it considers the theoretical basis and the components of the classification systems. The results show that early attempts to classify mathematics tasks were largely based on Bloom’s work. These classification systems were used to analyze test items from large-scale studies and were related to mathematical content. Since the 1990s, there has been a shift in emphasis in the use of classification systems, with a greater focus on tasks used in learning processes on the one hand, and on mathematical activities on the other. At the same time, there has been an increasing differentiation of the classification systems, allowing different aspects of mathematics learning to be captured.

Bruno Scheja

Benjamin Rott

Mathematics Education Research Journal

数学教育研究杂志旨在促进国际社会感兴趣的高质量研究。数学教育研究杂志旨在展示促进数学教育领域新知识、思想、方法和认识论的研究。数学教育研究杂志积极寻求促进澳大利亚地区的研究，或者作为在该地区进行的研究；由该地区的研究人员进行和/或借鉴该地区的研究。数学教育研究期刊接受来自国际所有地区作者的论文，但作者必须利用在澳大利亚地区进行的广泛研究。数学教育研究期刊通常不鼓励出版教师教育计划或课程。这些更适合另一个 MERGA 期刊，数学教师教育与发展。

The Mathematics Education Research Journal aims to promote high-quality research that is of interest to the international community. The journal is dedicated to showcasing research that contributes new knowledge, ideas, methods, and epistemologies in the field of mathematics education. It actively seeks to promote research in the Australian region or research conducted in that area; research conducted by researchers from that region or drawing on research from that region is also welcomed. While the Mathematics Education Research Journal accepts papers from authors worldwide, authors must utilize extensive research conducted in the Australian region. The journal typically does not encourage the publication of papers on teacher education programs or curricula, as these are more suitable for another MERGA journal, Mathematics Teacher Education and Development.

《Mathematics Education Research Journal》旨在促进国际社会对高质量研究的关注。该期刊致力于展示在数学教育领域内新知识、思想、方法和认识论方面的研究成果。期刊积极寻求促进澳大利亚地区的研究，或者与该地区相关的研究；同时也欢迎由该地区的研究人员进行的研究或借鉴该地区的研究成果。虽然《Mathematics Education Research Journal》接受来自国际各地作者的论文，但作者必须利用在澳大利亚地区进行的广泛研究。该期刊通常不鼓励发表关于教师教育计划或课程的论文，这些内容更适合另一个MERGA期刊《Mathematics Teacher Education and Development》。

Mathematical tasks: a review of classification systems

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES	3