The impact of saltwater intrusion on coastal forests and farmland is typically understood as sea-level-driven inundation of a static terrestrial landscape, where ecosystems neither adapt to nor influence saltwater intrusion. Yet recent observations of tree mortality and reduced crop yields have inspired new process-based research into the hydrologic, geomorphic, biotic, and anthropogenic mechanisms involved. We review several negative feedbacks that help stabilize ecosystems in the early stages of salinity stress (e.g., reduced water use and resource competition in surviving trees, soil accretion, and farmland management). However, processes that reduce salinity are often accompanied by increases in hypoxia and other changes that may amplify saltwater intrusion and vegetation shifts after a threshold is exceeded (e.g., subsidence following tree root mortality). This conceptual framework helps explain observed rates of vegetation change that are less than predicted for a static landscape while recognizing the inevitability of large-scale change.

Matthew L. Kirwan

Holly A. Michael

Keryn B. Gedan

Katherine L. Tully

Sergio Fagherazzi

Nate G. McDowell

Grace D. Molino

Dannielle Pratt

William G. Reay

Stephanie Stotts

Annual Review of Marine Science

自 2009 年起出版的《海洋科学年度回顾》提供了关于海洋科学领域的观点。该杂志从沿海和蓝水海洋学（生物、化学、地质和物理）的主要学科以及以海洋环境为统一主题的生态学、保护和技术发展学科的不同主题中汲取灵感。

The Annual Review of Marine Science, published since 2009, offers in-depth perspectives on the field of marine science. This journal draws inspiration from major disciplines of coastal and blue water oceanography, including biology, chemistry, geology, and physics, as well as various topics related to ecology, conservation, and technological developments centered around the marine environment.

《Annual Review of Marine Science》自2009年起出版，提供了关于海洋科学领域的深入观点。该期刊涵盖了沿海和深海海洋学的主要学科，包括生物、化学、地质和物理等方面，同时也探讨了以海洋环境为主题的生态学、保护和技术发展的不同领域。

Category	Quartile
地球科学	1
地球科学, 地球化学与地球物理	1
地球科学, 海洋与淡水生物学	1
地球科学, 海洋学	1

Feedbacks Regulating the Salinization of Coastal Landscapes

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