In the outer solar system, a growing number of giant planet satellites are now known to be abodes for global oceans hidden below an outer layer of ice. These planetary oceans are a natural laboratory for studying physical oceanographic processes in settings that challenge traditional assumptions made for Earth's oceans. While some driving mechanisms are common to both systems, such as buoyancy-driven flows and tides, others, such as libration, precession, and electromagnetic pumping, are likely more significant for moons in orbit around a host planet. Here, we review these mechanisms and how they may operate across the solar system, including their implications for ice–ocean interactions. Future studies should continue to advance our understanding of each of these processes as well as how they may act together in concert. This interplay also has strong implications for habitability as well as testing oceanic hypotheses with future missions.

Krista M Soderlund

Marc Rovira-Navarro

Michael Le Bars

Britney E Schmidt

Theo Gerkema

Annual Review of Marine Science

自 2009 年起出版的《海洋科学年度回顾》提供了关于海洋科学领域的观点。该杂志从沿海和蓝水海洋学（生物、化学、地质和物理）的主要学科以及以海洋环境为统一主题的生态学、保护和技术发展学科的不同主题中汲取灵感。

The Annual Review of Marine Science, published since 2009, offers in-depth perspectives on the field of marine science. This journal draws inspiration from major disciplines of coastal and blue water oceanography, including biology, chemistry, geology, and physics, as well as various topics related to ecology, conservation, and technological developments centered around the marine environment.

《Annual Review of Marine Science》自2009年起出版，提供了关于海洋科学领域的深入观点。该期刊涵盖了沿海和深海海洋学的主要学科，包括生物、化学、地质和物理等方面，同时也探讨了以海洋环境为主题的生态学、保护和技术发展的不同领域。

Category	Quartile
地球科学	1
地球科学, 地球化学与地球物理	1
地球科学, 海洋与淡水生物学	1
地球科学, 海洋学	1

The Physical Oceanography of Ice-Covered Moons

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