Objectives: This study aimed to review and describe isolated sixth cranial nerve or abducens nerve palsy that may present with subtle ophthalmoplegia in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Materials and methods: In this systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) Extension for Scoping Reviews, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for all peer-reviewed articles using the keywords “cranial nerve six,” “abducens nerve,” and “giant cell arteritis” from their inception to December 22, 2022. Results: Twenty-five articles, including seven observational studies and 18 cases, were included. While the incidence and prevalence of sixth nerve palsy in GCA were variable, up to 48% of diplopia in GCA were attributed to the sixth cranial nerve palsy, according to the observational studies included. While 88.2% had a resolution of symptoms with 40-50 mg/day of prednisone-equivalent corticosteroids, it took a median of 24.5 days until the resolution of symptoms from the initiation of treatment. Conclusion: This review summarizes the current understanding of the characteristics of sixth nerve palsy in GCA. While most patients may have reversible clinical courses, a few can suffer from persistent ophthalmoplegia, which is a potentially missed yet crucial clinical finding in GCA. Increased awareness of the sixth nerve palsy in GCA is crucial.

Haruki Sawada

Yoshito Nishimura

Hiromichi Tamaki

Archives of Rheumatology

THE ARCHIVES OF RHEUMATOLOGY 是土耳其抗风湿病联盟 (TLAR) 的官方期刊，每季出版一期，分别为 3 月、6 月、9 月和 12 月。它发表有关风湿病学和肌肉骨骼系统疾病各个方面的原创作品。风湿病学档案的首要任务是发表高质量的原创研究文章，尤其是在炎症性风湿病方面。除了研究文章，还可以发表简要报告、评论、社论、致编辑的信。它是一份独立的同行评审国际期刊，以英文印刷。稿件由审稿人和作者的“双盲同行评审”程序审阅。风湿病学档案编辑委员会根据世界医学编辑协会 (WAME)、国际医学期刊编辑委员会 ( ICMJE) 和出版道德委员会 (COPE)。

The Archives of Rheumatology is the official journal of the Turkish League Against Rheumatism (TLAR), published quarterly in March, June, September, and December. The journal primarily focuses on original research related to all aspects of rheumatology and musculoskeletal diseases. Its main objective is to publish high-quality original research articles, particularly in the area of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. In addition to research articles, the journal also welcomes brief reports, reviews, editorials, and letters to the editor. It is an independent, peer-reviewed international journal published in English. All submissions undergo a double-blind peer review process involving both reviewers and authors. The editorial board adheres to the guidelines set forth by the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

《Archives of Rheumatology》是土耳其抗风湿病联盟（TLAR）的官方期刊，每季度出版一期，分别在3月、6月、9月和12月发行。期刊主要发表关于风湿病学和肌肉骨骼系统疾病各个方面的原创研究。其首要任务是发布高质量的原创研究文章，尤其是涉及炎症性风湿病的研究。此外，期刊还接受简要报告、评论、社论和致编辑的信件。该期刊是一份独立的国际同行评审期刊，采用英文出版。所有稿件均经过审稿人和作者的双盲同行评审程序。编辑委员会遵循世界医学编辑协会（WAME）、国际医学期刊编辑委员会（ICMJE）和出版道德委员会（COPE）的指导原则。

Category	Quartile
医学	4
医学, 风湿病学	4

Sixth cranial nerve palsy in giant cell arteritis: A systematic review

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