Context: Among American sports, football has the highest incidence of exertional heat stroke (EHS), despite decades of prevention strategies. Based on recent reports, 100% of high school and college EHS football fatalities occur during conditioning sessions. Linemen are the at-risk population, constituting 97% of football EHS deaths. Linemen heat up faster and cool down slower than other players. Evidence Acquisition: Case series were identified from organized, supervised football at the youth, high school, and collegiate levels and compiled in the National Registry of Catastrophic Sports Injuries. Sources for event occurrence were media reports and newspaper clippings, autopsy reports, certificates of death, school-sponsored investigations, and published medical literature. Articles were identified through PubMed with search terms “football,” “exertional heat stroke,” and “prevention.” Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: Football EHS is tied to (1) high-intensity drills and conditioning that is not specific to individual player positions, (2) physical exertion as punishment; (3) failure to modify physical activity for high heat and humidity, (4) failure to recognize early signs and symptoms of EHS, and (5) death when cooling is delayed. Conclusion: To prevent football EHS, (1) all training and conditioning should be position specific; (2) physical activity should be modified per the heat load; (3) understand that some players have a “do-or-die” mentality that supersedes their personal safety; (4) never use physical exertion as punishment; (5) eliminate conditioning tests, serial sprints, and any reckless drills that are inappropriate for linemen; and (6) consider air-conditioned venues for linemen during hot practices. To prevent EHS, train linemen based on game demands. Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy: n/a.

Scott A. Anderson

E. Randy Eichner

Scott Bennett

Barry P. Boden

Bob Colgate

Ron Courson

Jon K. Davis

Gregory A. Elkins

Lawrence W. Judge

Mike Krueger

Kristen L. Kucera

Karissa Niehoff

Yvette Rooks

James B. Tucker

William O. Roberts

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach

运动健康：多学科方法是参与竞技或休闲运动员训练和护理的所有医疗专业人员不可或缺的资源，包括初级保健医生、整形外科医生、物理治疗师、运动教练和其他医疗和保健专业人员。双月刊出版, SPORTS HEALTH 是美国运动医学骨科协会 (AOSSM)、美国运动医学医学会 (AMSSM)、国家运动训练师协会 (NATA) 和运动物理治疗科 (SPTS) 的合作出版物。该杂志发表评论文章、原始研究文章、案例研究、图像、简短更新、法律简报、社论和致编辑的信。主题包括：-运动损伤和治疗-运动员的护理-运动员康复-医学问题运动员-运动医学中的手术技术-运动医学中的案例研究-运动医学中的图像-法律问题-PE DIATRIC ATHLETES-GENERAL SPORTS TRAUMA-SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY

Sports Health is a multidisciplinary journal that serves as an essential resource for all healthcare professionals involved in the training and care of competitive or recreational athletes, including primary care physicians, orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, athletic trainers, and other medical and health professionals. Published bi-monthly, Sports Health is a collaborative publication of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM), the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA), and the Sports Physical Therapy Section (SPTS). The journal features commentary articles, original research articles, case studies, images, brief updates, legal briefs, editorials, and letters to the editor. Topics include: sports injuries and treatment, athlete care, athlete rehabilitation, medical issues in athletes, surgical techniques in sports medicine, case studies in sports medicine, imaging in sports medicine, legal issues, pediatric athletes, general sports trauma, and sports psychology.

《Sports Health》是一个多学科的期刊，旨在为所有参与竞技或休闲运动员训练和护理的医疗专业人员提供重要资源，包括初级保健医生、整形外科医生、物理治疗师、运动教练及其他医疗和保健专业人员。该期刊由美国运动医学骨科协会 (AOSSM)、美国运动医学医学会 (AMSSM)、国家运动训练师协会 (NATA) 和运动物理治疗科 (SPTS) 合作出版，双月刊发行。期刊内容涵盖评论文章、原始研究、案例研究、图像、简短更新、法律简报、社论以及致编辑的信件。主要主题包括：运动损伤及其治疗、运动员护理、运动员康复、运动医学中的医学问题、手术技术、案例研究、图像、法律问题、儿童运动员、一般运动创伤和运动心理学。

Sports Health

Preventing Exertional Heat Stroke in Football: Time for a Paradigm Shift

预防足球运动中暑：范式转变的时机

Category	Quartile
医学	2
医学, 运动科学	3

Preventing Exertional Heat Stroke in Football: Time for a Paradigm Shift

ivySCI AI Smartly Parses PDF, Answers Researchers' Questions, and Helps You Understand Papers in Seconds

Journal Info

Category	Quartile
SPORT SCIENCES	1