Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) can be transmitted by several aphid species in a semi-persistent mode, with Toxoptera citricida being the most efficient vector. In Brazil, mild CTV isolates are used for pre-immunization of citrus trees against severe isolates. We aimed to determine the capacity and efficiency of T. citricida in separating the viral complex into haplotypes from three well-characterized CTV isolates (PIAC, CS1, and Forte Rolândia). Single-aphid transmission assays were conducted to determine CTV transmission efficiency. The results showed that T. citricida transmitted only haplotypes from the PIAC and CS1 isolates, with efficiencies of 8 and 4%, respectively. Both isolates caused mild CTV symptoms in Brazil. However, isolate Forte Rolândia, which causes severe symptoms in citrus trees, was not transmitted by T. citricida. The detection of CTV haplotypes from PIAC and CS1 isolates in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) plants after a single aphid transmission occurred at different time points. The first haplotype observed was from PIAC 150 days after citrus was challenged by a single aphid, followed by CS1 at day 210 after transmission. In addition, differences in the single-strand conformation polymorphism patterns between the CTV isolates and CTV haplotypes were determined, suggesting that an aphid can acquire and transmit only one CTV haplotype to citrus plants during phloem feeding. The study of the mechanism of transmission by the vector can increase our knowledge of the interactions among hosts, vectors, and pathogens, which are often neglected.

Angelica Albuquerque Tomilhero Frias

Carlos Alexandre Zanutto

Ana Claudia da Silva Mendonça

Freddy Ibanez-Carrasco

Cecilia Tamborindeguy

William Mário de Carvalho Nunes

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy

该杂志发表农学所有领域的原创文章，包括土壤科学、农业昆虫学、土壤肥力和肥料、土壤物理学、栽培植物生理学、植物病理学、植物健康、植物技术、成因、形态和土壤分类、管理和保护土壤、植物病虫害综合治理、植物改良、农业微生物学、农业寄生虫学、种子生产和加工。

The journal "Acta Scientiarum - Agronomy" publishes original research articles in all fields of agronomy, including soil science, agricultural entomology, soil fertility and fertilization, soil physics, crop physiology, plant pathology, plant health, plant technology, soil genesis, morphology and classification, soil management and conservation, integrated pest management, plant breeding, agricultural microbiology, agricultural parasitology, and seed production and processing.

《Acta Scientiarum - Agronomy》杂志发表农学各个领域的原创研究文章，涵盖土壤科学、农业昆虫学、土壤肥力与施肥、土壤物理学、栽培植物生理学、植物病理学、植物健康、植物技术、土壤的成因、形态与分类、土壤管理与保护、植物病虫害综合治理、植物改良、农业微生物学、农业寄生虫学，以及种子生产与加工等主题。

Category	Quartile
农林科学	4
农林科学, 农艺学	4

Transmission of isolates of Citrus tristeza virus by single aphids (Toxoptera citricida)

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