Circoviruses are small, non-enveloped, icosahedral viruses that are unique among animal viruses in having circular, single-stranded DNA genomes. Their genomes are also the smallest possessed by animal viruses. The circovirus family currently comprises three members, chicken anaemia virus, porcine circovirus, and psittacine beak and feather disease virus, with pigeon circovirus being classified as a tentative member. Infections with each of the four circoviruses are associated with potentially fatal diseases in which virus-induced damage to lymphoid tissue and immunosuppression are common features. Experience with other animal virus families suggests that additional animal species will be infected by, as yet undiscovered, circoviruses and that these may display similar tissue tropism and disease-causing potential. Recent reports describing the association of circovirus-like viruses with immunodeficiency-related diseases of geese and southern black-backed gulls suggest that circovirus infections of avian species may be more common than previously recognized, and prompt the question of whether novel circoviruses infect poultry to cause clinical and/or subclinical diseases that may be economically important. This review has three purposes. First, it is designed to summarize the currently available information about the classified circoviruses and viruses that are regarded as circovirus-like. Second, it aims to alert the readership to the possibility that other avian species, including commercial poultry, may be infected with novel circoviruses. Finally, possible methods for discovering novel circoviruses and for controlling infections by such viruses are suggested.

Daniel Todd

Avian Pathology

AVIAN PATHOLOGY 是世界兽医家禽协会的官方期刊，自 1972 年首次出版以来，一直是家禽疾病科学家的领先国际期刊。它出版与家禽和其他鸟类的传染性和非传染性疾病的整个领域相关的材料。被接受的手稿将为国际读者提供感兴趣的新数据，并将显着增加对新旧疾病的知识和理解。学科领域包括病理学、诊断、病原体的检测和表征、可能对人畜共患病重要的感染、流行病学、先天和免疫反应、疫苗、基因序列、与疾病相关的遗传学以及对疾病的生理和生化变化。一个国家内公认的疾病的首次和后续报告是不可接受的，除非它们还包含有关疾病或病原体的大量新信息。野生鸟类或宠物鸟类的手稿应描述大量鸟类的疾病或病原体，识别/暗示对该物种的严重潜在影响，或者该疾病或病原体与家禽具有明显相关性。在加工过程中或加工后获得的关于食源性微生物的手稿，以及那些对微生物的发生或特性进行分类的手稿，在没有将它们与禽类疾病联系起来的数据的情况下，不太可能考虑出版。

Avian Pathology is the official journal of the World Veterinary Poultry Association and has been a leading international journal in the field of poultry disease science since its first publication in 1972. It publishes research related to infectious and non-infectious diseases of poultry and other birds. Accepted manuscripts will provide new data of interest to an international readership and significantly enhance the knowledge and understanding of both new and existing diseases. The subject areas include pathology, diagnostics, detection and characterization of pathogens, infections relevant to zoonoses, epidemiology, innate and immune responses, vaccines, gene sequences, genetics related to diseases, and physiological and biochemical changes associated with diseases. Manuscripts reporting on recognized diseases within a country will not be accepted unless they contain substantial new information. Manuscripts concerning diseases or pathogens of wild or pet birds should describe diseases or pathogens affecting large populations of birds, indicate or imply serious potential impacts on the species, or have clear relevance to poultry. Manuscripts regarding foodborne microorganisms, obtained during or after processing, are unlikely to be considered for publication unless they are linked to poultry diseases.

《Avian Pathology》是世界兽医家禽协会的官方期刊，自1972年首次出版以来，一直是家禽疾病科学领域的领先国际期刊。该期刊发表与家禽及其他鸟类的传染性和非传染性疾病相关的研究成果。被接受的手稿将为国际读者提供新的数据，显著提升对新旧疾病的知识和理解。涉及的学科领域包括病理学、诊断、病原体检测与表征、与人畜共患病相关的感染、流行病学、先天和免疫反应、疫苗、基因序列、与疾病相关的遗传学，以及疾病的生理和生化变化。首次和后续报告的国家内公认疾病的手稿，除非包含大量新信息，否则将不被接受。关于野生鸟类或宠物鸟类的手稿应描述大量鸟类的疾病或病原体，识别或暗示对该物种的严重潜在影响，或与家禽有明显相关性的疾病或病原体。关于食源性微生物的手稿，若未将其与禽类疾病关联，亦不太可能被考虑出版。

Circoviruses: Immunosuppressive threats to avian species: A review

It is suggested that circovirus infections of avian species may be more common than previously recognized, and prompt the question of whether novel circoviruses infect poultry to cause clinical and/or subclinical diseases that may be economically important.

Category	Quartile
农林科学	2
农林科学, 兽医学	2

Circoviruses: Immunosuppressive threats to avian species: A review

ivySCI AI Smartly Parses PDF, Answers Researchers' Questions, and Helps You Understand Papers in Seconds

Journal Info

Category	Quartile
VETERINARY SCIENCES	1