Many innate immune response proteins recognize foreign nucleic acids from invading pathogens to initiate antiviral signaling. These proteins mostly rely on structural characteristics of the nucleic acids rather than their specific sequences to distinguish self and nonself. One feature utilized by RNA sensors is the extended stretch of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) base pairs. However, the criteria for recognizing nonself dsRNAs are rather lenient, and hairpin structure of self‐RNAs can also trigger an immune response. Consequently, aberrant activation of RNA sensors has been reported in numerous human diseases. Yet, in most cases, the activating antigens remain unknown. Recent studies have developed sequencing techniques tailored to specifically capture dsRNAs and identified that various noncoding elements in the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome can generate dsRNAs. Here, the identity of endogenous dsRNAs, their recognition by dsRNA sensors, and their implications in the pathogenesis of human diseases ranging from inflammatory to degenerative are presented.

Sujin Kim

Yongsuk Ku

Jayoung Ku

Yoosik Kim

BioEssays

分子 - 细胞 - 生物医学 - 生理学 - 转化研究 - 系统 - 鼓励假设 BIOESSAYS 是一份经过同行评审、审查和讨论的期刊。我们的目标是在分子、遗传、细胞或生理维度上发表当代生物学的新颖见解、前瞻性评论和评论，并作为这些领域新思想的讨论论坛。另一个目标是鼓励在有机体研究、系统方法和生态系统方面的跨学科和综合生物学，在适当的情况下。

BioEssays is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on molecular, cellular, biomedical, physiological, translational research, and systems biology. Our aim is to publish novel insights, forward-looking reviews, and comprehensive commentaries in contemporary biology, serving as a forum for discussion of new ideas in these fields. Additionally, we encourage interdisciplinary and integrative biology research in organism studies, systems approaches, and ecosystems where appropriate.

BioEssays 是一本经过同行评审的期刊，专注于分子、细胞、生物医学、生理学、转化研究和系统生物学等领域。我们的目标是发表当代生物学的新颖见解、前瞻性评论和综合评述，并为这些领域的新思想提供讨论平台。此外，我们还鼓励在有机体研究、系统方法和生态系统方面的跨学科和综合生物学研究。

Evidence of Aberrant Immune Response by Endogenous Double‐Stranded RNAs: Attack from Within

The identity of endogenous dsRNAs, their recognition by dsRNA sensors, and their implications in the pathogenesis of human diseases ranging from inflammatory to degenerative are presented.

Category	Quartile
生物学	3
生物学, 生物学	3
生物学, 生化与分子生物学	4

Evidence of Aberrant Immune Response by Endogenous Double‐Stranded RNAs: Attack from Within

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