Abstract Anti-ageing medicines are products intended to extend lifespan and healthspan in humans that have a good potential use in public health policies. In the European Union, their development, production and consumption are dependent on regulatory science performed by the European Medicines Agency and its associated epistemic policies. They impose, among other things, an unfavourable burden of proof, a strict standard of proof and meta-methodological constrictions related to some theoretical issues. This results in a distribution of errors that tends to reduce false positives while increasing false negatives, leading to a set of social consequences that are generally accepted when the focus is placed on conventional medicines. However, when the same epistemic policies are applied to anti-ageing medicines, the distribution of errors is imbalanced, and undesirable outcomes like research discouragement and waiting time extensions appear. Three possible strategies that policymakers could implement to unblock the situation are presented for future reflection: the consideration of ageing as a disease, the application of methodological asymmetry and the use of biomarkers during clinical research.

Guillermo Marín Penella

Health Care Analysis

HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS 是一本促进关于与健康和卫生保健相关的概念和规范问题的对话和辩论的期刊，包括卫生系统、卫生保健提供、卫生法、公共政策和卫生、专业卫生实践、卫生服务组织和决策，在临床医学、公共卫生和全球健康的各个层面开展与健康相关的教育。卫生保健分析旨在支持哲学和政策之间的对话，特别是说明概念和规范分析对卫生政策、实践和研究的重要性。因此，接受发表的论文可能会分析与健康、卫生保健或卫生政策相关的哲学问题，这些问题侧重于以下一项或多项：目标或目的、理论、框架、概念、原则、价值观或意识形态。欢迎所有风格的理论分析，只要它们阐明概念或规范问题并鼓励对健康、哲学和政策感兴趣的人之间的辩论。论文必须严谨，但应努力实现可访问性——注意确保其论点和影响对广泛的学术和国际受众来说是显而易见的。除了纯粹的理论论文，基于实证研究或案例研究的论文也非常受欢迎，只要它们探索此类工作的概念或规范含义。在可能的情况下，鼓励作者考虑他们所讨论问题的社会背景，并且所有作者都应确保他们指出其工作的“现实世界”影响。医疗保健分析发表哲学家、律师、社会科学家、医疗保健教育者、医疗保健专业人员和管理人员以及其他与健康相关的学者和政策分析师的贡献。

Health Care Analysis is a journal that promotes dialogue and debate on concepts and normative issues related to health and health care. It covers various areas including health systems, health care provision, health law, public policy, professional health practice, health services organization, and decision-making, aiming to advance health-related education at the levels of clinical medicine, public health, and global health. The journal supports dialogue between philosophy and policy, particularly emphasizing the importance of conceptual and normative analysis in health policy, practice, and research. Therefore, accepted papers may analyze philosophical issues related to health, health care, or health policy, focusing on one or more of the following: goals or objectives, theories, frameworks, concepts, principles, values, or ideologies. All styles of theoretical analysis are welcome as long as they elucidate conceptual or normative issues and encourage debate among those interested in health, philosophy, and policy. Papers must be rigorous but should strive for accessibility, ensuring that their arguments and impacts are evident to a broad academic and international audience. In addition to purely theoretical papers, empirical research or case study papers are also highly welcomed, provided they explore the conceptual or normative implications of such work. Authors are encouraged to consider the social context of the issues they discuss whenever possible, and all authors should ensure they highlight the 'real-world' impact of their work. Health Care Analysis welcomes contributions from philosophers, lawyers, social scientists, health care educators, health care professionals, managers, and other scholars and policy analysts related to health.

《Health Care Analysis》是一本促进关于健康和卫生保健相关概念与规范问题的对话与辩论的期刊。它涵盖卫生系统、卫生保健提供、卫生法、公共政策、专业卫生实践、卫生服务组织与决策等多个领域，旨在推动临床医学、公共卫生和全球健康层面的健康教育。该期刊支持哲学与政策之间的对话，特别强调概念与规范分析在卫生政策、实践和研究中的重要性。因此，接受发表的论文可能会探讨与健康、卫生保健或卫生政策相关的哲学问题，重点关注目标、理论、框架、概念、原则、价值观或意识形态等方面。所有风格的理论分析均受欢迎，只要它们能够阐明概念或规范问题，并鼓励对健康、哲学和政策感兴趣的学者之间的辩论。论文需严谨，但应努力实现可访问性，确保其论点和影响对广泛的学术和国际受众显而易见。除了纯理论论文，基于实证研究或案例研究的论文也非常受欢迎，只要它们探讨相关工作的概念或规范含义。在可能的情况下，鼓励作者考虑所讨论问题的社会背景，所有作者应确保指出其工作的“现实世界”影响。《Health Care Analysis》欢迎哲学家、律师、社会科学家、医疗保健教育者、医疗保健专业人员、管理人员及其他与健康相关的学者和政策分析师的贡献。

Category	Quartile
哲学	3
哲学, 伦理学	3
哲学, 卫生政策与服务	3
哲学, 社会科学生物医学	3

The Epistemic Policies of Anti-Ageing Medicines in the European Union

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
SOCIAL SCIENCES, BIOMEDICAL	3