Positioning accuracy affects flight safety. In this study, aiming to address the issue of how ground station deployment affects the accuracy of multilateration, an optimal deployment strategy based on real terrain factors is proposed. This method comprehensively considers practical geographical terrain factors, constructs a geographical terrain grid model, and generates initial candidate sites through this model. Subsequently, the Xdraw algorithm is utilized to assess the coverage of ground stations and conduct preliminary screening of initial sites. Then, the optimal deployment combination is computed by integrating GA. Finally, experiments are conducted to validate site selection in irregularly shaped areas. Random geographical terrain is generated within the site selection area, resulting in a 31.25% reduction in initial candidate points through preliminary screening, obtaining the final deployment approach. Comparative experiments with traditional deployment methods indicate that the RMSE of the deployment combination computed by this method is 4.0159 m smaller than that of the traditional diamond-deployment method with the minimum error. Additionally, its GDOP remains the lowest within 10 km. This method accounts for real terrain conditions and is suitable for irregular station deployment areas. By using the Xdraw algorithm for preliminary filtering, it accelerates the solution process, effectively optimizing deployment results and improving positioning accuracy. This approach holds practical significance for multilateration ground station deployment considering real terrain factors.

Xinmin Tang

Yifu Liao

Junwei Gu

Yang Zhou

Xiangmin Guan

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part G Journal of Aerospace Engineering

《航空航天工程杂志》致力于发表有关飞机和航天器及其支持系统的应用科学和技术的所有分支的高质量研究。 “我们的作者是真正的国际作者，我们尽一切努力确保每篇论文都以最好的方式呈现并覆盖广泛的受众。” 编辑委员会由代表十五个国家的技术社区的知名专家组成。董事会成员与编辑、审稿人和作者密切合作，以达到一致的标准，撰写和发表的论文都很好。”西班牙马德里理工大学 RODRIGO MARTINEZ-VAL 教授 本期刊是出版委员会的成员道德（COPE）。

The Journal of Aerospace Engineering focuses on publishing high-quality research related to the applied sciences and technologies of aircraft, spacecraft, and their support systems. Our authors are truly international, and we strive to present each paper in the best possible way to reach a wide audience. The editorial board consists of renowned experts from technical communities across fifteen countries, who work closely with editors, reviewers, and authors to achieve consistent high standards in the writing and publication of papers. Professor RODRIGO MARTINEZ-VAL from the Polytechnic University of Madrid states, 'We are committed to ensuring that every paper receives the attention and recognition it deserves.' This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

《航空航天工程杂志》专注于发表与飞机、航天器及其支持系统相关的应用科学和技术的高质量研究。我们的作者来自全球各地，我们努力确保每篇论文以最佳方式呈现，覆盖广泛的受众。编辑委员会由来自十五个国家的知名专家组成，他们与编辑、审稿人和作者密切合作，以确保撰写和发表的论文达到一致的高标准。西班牙马德里理工大学的RODRIGO MARTINEZ-VAL教授表示：‘我们致力于确保每篇论文都得到充分的关注和认可。’本期刊是出版委员会道德（COPE）的成员。

Category	Quartile
工程技术	4
工程技术, 工程宇航	4
工程技术, 工程机械	4

Optimization of wide-area multilateration ground station deployment based on genetic algorithm

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Category	Quartile
ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL	4