The ethical dilemmas of using animals as in vivo models in preclinical and
 clinical examinations have been increasingly present in recent decades.
 Small laboratory animals (rats, rabbits) will continue to be used because
 they are cost-effective and permit the formation of statistically testable
 cohort groups; a task that, for financial, maintenance and care reasons, is
 almost prohibitive for larger animals. Technological advances in the
 production of new biomaterials for clinical use are enormous, but screening
 tests and methods used to assess biocompatibility lag behind these advances.
 The assessment of biological responses is slow and based on millennial
 recovery mechanisms in eukaryotic organisms. Therefore, the goal of
 researchers in this field is to re-evaluate old methods of biocompatibility
 assessment and introduce new methods of evaluation, especially for in vivo
 testing. In that sense, a revision of the ISO standards was planned and
 conducted in 2017, which insisted on cytotoxicity testing in cell lines and
 produced concrete proposals on how biocompatibility should be quantified. In
 vivo biocompatibility evaluation of biomaterials used for soft tissue
 recovery commonly utilises rats. Rabbits are recommended for implants used
 for hard tissues, because of the rabbit’s size, the possibility of
 implanting the biomaterials on a larger bone surface, and because of the
 peculiarities of rabbit bone tissue that favours rapid recovery after bone
 defects and enables easy reading of the results.

Bogomir Bolka Prokić

Tijana Lužajić-Božinovski

Vladimir Gajdov

Ivan Milošević

Vera Todorović

Marija Đošić

Vesna Mišković-Stanković

Danica Marković

Veterinarski glasnik

Veterinarski Glasnik

Animal models in bicompatibility assessments of implants in soft and hard tissues

植入物在软硬组织中生物相容性评估的动物模型

Animal models in bicompatibility assessments of implants in soft and hard tissues

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