Free and bound (phase-locked) waves with the same frequency cannot be distinguished simply in a frequency domain. A 1-Hz wave propagating over a submerged rectangular step was physically investigated and used to generate higher free and bound harmonic components in waves. The time history of a 3.28 m surface profile above the submerged step was measured and analyzed using two-dimensional Fourier Transform and Morlet wavelet transform sequentially. Incident and reflected waves as well as the associated free and bound components of each harmonic (through the 3th harmonic) were separated successfully. The spatial phase information of the 2nd free-mode and bound-mode harmonics were obtained which gave a good physical explanation of amplitude recurrence. It was observed that wave lengths of harmonics vary in space and phase shift occurs as the 1st harmonic catches up the 2nd free-mode harmonic. It was also found that the 2nd free-mode harmonic gained more energy from the 1st harmonic before entering deep water.

Fang-Cheng Li

Chao-Lung Ting

Coastal Engineering

海岸工程是海岸工程师和科学家的国际媒体。将实际应用与现代技术和科学方法相结合，例如数学和数值建模、实验室和现场观察和实验，它出版了有关海岸、港口和海洋工程以下方面的基础研究和案例研究：波浪、水流和沉积物运输;沿海、河口和近海形态；沿海和港口结构的技术和功能设计；沿海、港口和近海结构的形态和环境影响。

Coastal Engineering is an international journal for coastal engineers and scientists. It combines practical applications with modern technologies and scientific methods, such as mathematical and numerical modeling, laboratory and field observations and experiments. The journal publishes fundamental and case studies related to coastal, harbor, and marine engineering, covering aspects like wave, water flow, and sediment transport; coastal, estuarine, and offshore morphology; technical and functional design of coastal and harbor structures; and the morphological and environmental impacts of coastal, harbor, and offshore structures.

《Coastal Engineering》是海岸工程师和科学家的国际期刊。它结合了实际应用与现代技术和科学方法，如数学和数值建模、实验室和现场观察与实验，发表关于海岸、港口和海洋工程的基础研究和案例研究。内容涵盖波浪、水流和沉积物运输、沿海、河口和近海形态、沿海和港口结构的技术与功能设计，以及沿海、港口和近海结构的形态与环境影响。

Category	Quartile
工程技术	2
工程技术, 工程大洋	1
工程技术, 工程土木	2

Separation of free and bound harmonics in waves

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Category	Quartile
ENGINEERING, OCEAN	1