The impact of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on the dynamics of major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) observed in the winters of 2018, 2019, and 2021 is investigated. Using data from the MERRA-2 reanalysis, we analyze the daily mean variability of critical atmospheric parameters at the 10 hPa level, including zonal mean polar cap temperature, zonal mean zonal wind, and the amplitudes of planetary waves 1 and 2. The results reveal dramatic increases in polar cap temperature and significant wind reversals during the SSW events, particularly in 2018. The analysis of planetary wave (PW) amplitudes demonstrates intensified wave activity coinciding with the onset of SSWs, underscoring the pivotal role of PWs in these stratospheric disruptions. Further examination of outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) anomalies highlights the influence of QBO phases on tropical convection patterns. During westerly QBO (w-QBO) phases, enhanced convective activity is observed in the western Pacific, whereas the easterly QBO (e-QBO) phase shifts convection patterns to the maritime continent and central Pacific. This modulation by QBO phases influences the MJO’s role during SSWs, affecting tropical and extra-tropical weather patterns. The day-altitude variability of upward heat flux reveals distinct spatiotemporal patterns, with pronounced warming in the polar regions and mixed heat flux patterns in low latitudes. The differences observed between the SSWs of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 are likely related to the varying QBO phases, emphasizing the complexity of heat flux dynamics during these events. The northern annular mode (NAM) index analysis shows varied responses to SSWs, with stronger negative anomalies observed during the e-QBO phase compared to the w-QBO phases. This variability highlights the significant role of the QBO in shaping the stratospheric and tropospheric responses to SSWs, impacting surface weather patterns and the persistence of stratospheric anomalies. Overall, the study demonstrates the intricate interactions between stratospheric dynamics, QBO, and MJO during major SSW events, providing insights into the broader implications of these atmospheric phenomena on global weather patterns.

Eswaraiah Sunkara

Kyong-Hwan Seo

Chalachew Kindie Mengist

Madineni Venkat Ratnam

Kondapalli Niranjan Kumar

Gasti Venkata Chalapathi

Atmosphere

ATMOSPHERE (ISSN 2073-4433) 是一本国际性和跨学科的与大气相关的科学研究的学术期刊。它发表评论、定期研究论文、通讯和简短的笔记，并且对论文的长度没有限制。我们的目标是鼓励科学家尽可能详细地发表他们的实验和理论研究。必须为研究文章提供完整的实验和/或系统细节。

Atmosphere is an international and interdisciplinary academic journal focused on scientific research related to the atmosphere. The journal publishes comments, regular research papers, communications, and short notes, with no restrictions on the length of submissions. Our aim is to encourage scientists to share their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Research articles must provide comprehensive experimental and/or systematic details.

《Atmosphere》是一本国际性、跨学科的学术期刊，专注于与大气相关的科学研究。期刊发表评论、定期研究论文、通讯和简短的笔记，且对论文的长度没有限制。我们的目标是鼓励科学家尽可能详细地分享他们的实验和理论研究。研究文章必须提供完整的实验和/或系统细节。

Role of QBO and MJO in Sudden Stratospheric Warmings: A Case Study

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES	4