Purpose It is a worldwide phenomenon that infrastructure development is considered a catalyst for a country’s economic growth, enhanced service delivery and improved quality of life. Iraq has a considerable lack of necessary infrastructure. Many developing and developed nations utilise public-private partnerships (PPPs) as a means to address their infrastructure investment requirements. This study, however, uniquely investigates the specific factors hindering the implementation of PPP in Iraq, focusing on Iraq’s distinct political, economic and legislative challenges. Design/methodology/approach A thorough literature review, guided by systematic principles similar to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), has been conducted to understand PPP and highlight the factors that can facilitate the effective implementation of PPP around the globe. Afterwards, a questionnaire survey was deployed to relevant stakeholders in Iraq to examine these factors in the specific context of Iraq. Subsequently, in-depth interviews with key Iraqi decision-makers were carried out to discuss the questionnaire results in more detail and pinpoint particular barriers impeding successful PPP implementation in Iraq. These data were then rigorously analysed to highlight Iraq’s unique challenges, and the results were discussed to provide a contextual understanding. Based on these insights, conclusions and recommendations are drawn accordingly. Findings The results revealed that one of the main factors hindering the implementation of PPP in Iraq is the absence of a legal and regulatory framework that can give PPP implementation its legitimacy in Iraq. Other factors include the overall reluctance of several Iraqi legislators towards the PPP system and the unavailability of an environment attractive to investors. Originality/value The findings and recommendations set forth in this research can aid champions of the PPP system within the government of Iraq in devising an effective plan. Unlike similar studies, this paper addresses barriers specific to Iraq, such as political reluctance and regulatory gaps, providing new insights to guide policy. This plan is intended to foster a PPP mindset among relevant lawmakers, ensuring the successful approval of PPP laws and regulatory frameworks.

Khaldoon Shehab Al-Tameemi

Sundus Khaleel Alfaiz

Nidhal Al-Sadoon

Engineering Construction & Architectural Management

ECAM 发表经过同行评审的原创研究论文、案例研究、技术说明、书评、专题、讨论和其他当代文章，推动工程、建筑和建筑管理领域的研究和实践。特别是，ECAM 寻求推进集成设计和施工实践、项目生命周期管理和可持续施工。期刊范围涵盖建筑设计、设计管理、施工/项目管理、重大基础设施项目的工程管理以及已建成设施的运营管理等各个方面。 ECAM 还涉及影响建设项目交付过程的技术、流程、经济/商业、环境/可持续性、政治和社会/人类发展。 ECAM 致力于在上述工程、建筑和施工研究领域建立强有力的理论和实证辩论。论文应与该领域现有和当前的知识体系高度整合，并发展明确和新颖的贡献。承认该领域的全球性，我们欢迎有关区域研究的论文，但鼓励作者通过审查和比较其区域研究的结果与在其他地区或国家进行的研究，将工作置于更广泛的国际背景下。

The journal "Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management" publishes peer-reviewed original research papers, case studies, technical notes, book reviews, special issues, discussions, and other contemporary articles aimed at advancing research and practice in the fields of engineering, construction, and architectural management. In particular, the journal seeks to promote integrated design and construction practices, project lifecycle management, and sustainable construction. Its scope encompasses various aspects, including architectural design, design management, construction/project management, engineering management of major infrastructure projects, and operational management of built facilities. Additionally, the journal addresses the technologies, processes, economic/business factors, environmental/sustainability issues, political contexts, and social/human development aspects that influence the delivery of construction projects. The journal is committed to establishing a robust theoretical and empirical debate in the aforementioned fields of engineering, construction, and architectural research. Submitted papers should be highly integrated with the existing knowledge base in the field and develop clear and novel contributions. Acknowledging the global nature of the field, we welcome papers on regional studies but encourage authors to contextualize their work within a broader international framework by reviewing and comparing their regional findings with research conducted in other regions or countries.

《Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management》期刊发表经过同行评审的原创研究论文、案例研究、技术说明、书评、专题讨论及其他当代文章，旨在推动工程、建筑和建筑管理领域的研究与实践。期刊特别关注集成设计与施工实践、项目生命周期管理及可持续施工等主题。其范围涵盖建筑设计、设计管理、施工与项目管理、重大基础设施项目的工程管理，以及已建成设施的运营管理等多个方面。此外，期刊还探讨影响建设项目交付过程的技术、流程、经济与商业、环境与可持续性、政治及社会与人类发展等因素。期刊致力于在上述领域建立强有力的理论与实证辩论，所发表的论文应与该领域现有的知识体系高度整合，并发展出明确且新颖的贡献。考虑到该领域的全球性，我们欢迎区域研究的论文，但鼓励作者将其研究结果与其他地区或国家的研究进行比较，以将工作置于更广泛的国际背景之中。

Category	Quartile
工程技术	2
工程技术, 工程土木	3
工程技术, 工程工业	3
工程技术, 管理学	4

Factors hindering the implementation of PPP in Iraq

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