Muconic acid (MA) is a valuable dicarboxylic acid with three isomers that are extensively utilized in textile and chemical industries. Traditionally, the chemical synthesis of MA consumes nonrenewable petrochemical raw materials and causes significant environmental problems. With the rapid increase in demand for MA, eco-friendly biosynthetic technologies with renewable sources are becoming ideal alternative solutions. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in the biosynthesis of MA isomers, describing not only the mechanism for MA biosynthesis in different microorganisms, including wild and engineered strains, but also focuses on MA production from various renewable resources, especially lignin hydrolysate and lignin-derived aromatics hydrocarbons, such as: benzoic acid, isoeugenol, vanillic acid and phenol. Moreover, cis,cis-muconic acid production from xylose, PET, methane, and glycerol are discussed in detail, providing a much broader substrate spectra and further possibilities for MA large scale industrialization economically. Challenges facing biosynthesis of cis, trans muconic acid and trans, trans muconic acid are discussed finally.

Haoyi Yang

Xiaoyu Lin

Xianen Zhong

Mingfeng Cao

Jifeng Yuan

Zhipeng Li

Xueping Ling

Ning He

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

从发酵到基因操作的生物技术技术与食品和饮料、燃料生产、化学和制药以及废物管理行业的关系越来越密切。因此，学术机构和工业机构需要跟上不断研究发展而来的概念、数据和方法。本期刊提供了一个对近期和当前出版物进行批判性评估的论坛，并定期对最新技术进行评估来自世界各地不同地理区域的报告。投稿作者是各自领域公认的专家，每篇文章均由客观专家审阅，以确保演示文稿的准确性和客观性。

As biotechnology continues to evolve in areas such as fermentation and genetic manipulation, its relationship with industries like food and beverage, fuel production, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and waste management is becoming increasingly close. Therefore, both academic and industrial institutions need to stay updated with the emerging concepts, data, and methods. This journal provides a platform for critically assessing recent and current publications and regularly evaluates the latest technological reports from various geographical regions around the world. All authors submitting manuscripts are recognized experts in their respective fields, and each article undergoes objective peer review to ensure accuracy and objectivity.

随着生物技术在发酵、基因操作等领域的不断发展，其与食品和饮料、燃料生产、化学、制药及废物管理等行业的关系日益紧密。因此，学术界和工业界需要及时了解不断涌现的研究概念、数据和方法。本期刊提供了一个批判性评估近期和当前出版物的平台，并定期评估来自全球不同地区的最新技术报告。所有投稿作者均为各自领域的公认专家，每篇文章都经过客观专家的审阅，以确保内容的准确性和客观性。

Category	Quartile
工程技术	2
工程技术, 生物工程与应用微生物	2

Current status and advances in the green synthesis of muconic acid

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY	1