Abstract The detection of individual photons at cryogenic temperatures is of interest to many experiments searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are often deployed in liquid argon or liquid xenon to detect scintillation light either directly or after it has been wavelength-shifted. Maximizing the photon detection efficiency (PDE) of the SiPMs used in these experiments optimizes the sensitivity to new physics; however, the PDEs of commercial SiPMs, although well known at room temperature, are not well characterized at the cryogenic temperatures at which many experiments operate them. Here we present results from an experimental setup that measures the photon detection efficiencies of silicon photomultipliers at liquid nitrogen temperature, 77 K. Results from a KETEK PM3325-WB-D0 and a Hamamatsu S13360-3050CS silicon photomultiplier — of R&amp;D interest to the LEGEND experiment — exhibit a decrease in photon detection efficiency greater than 20% at liquid nitrogen temperature relative to room temperature for 562 nm light.

S. Borden

J.A. Detwiler

W. Pettus

N.W. Ruof

Journal of Instrumentation

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION (JINST) 涵盖与探测器物理、加速器科学和相关实验方法和技术、理论、建模和模拟中的概念和仪器相关的主要领域。主要学科领域包括。-加速器：概念、建模、模拟和源-加速器的仪器和硬件：粒子、同步辐射、中子-探测器物理学：概念、过程、方法、建模和模拟-粒子的探测器、设备和方法, 天文粒子、核、原子和分子物理学-等离子体研究的仪器和方法-天文学和天体物理学的方法和设备-生物医学应用、生命科学和材料研究的检测器、方法和设备-医学成像、诊断和技术的仪器和技术治疗-用于剂量测定、监测和辐射损伤的仪器和技术-检测器、无损检测 (NDT) 的仪器和方法-检测器读出概念、电子和数据采集方法-算法、软件和数据简化方法-材料和相关技术，等-工程和技术问题。JINST 还包括一个 SECTI致力于技术报告和仪器仪表论文。

The Journal of Instrumentation (JINST) covers the main areas related to detector physics, accelerator science, and associated experimental methods and techniques, as well as concepts and instruments in theory, modeling, and simulation. The primary subject areas include: - Accelerators: concepts, modeling, simulation, and sources; - Instruments and hardware for accelerators: particles, synchrotron radiation, neutrons; - Detector physics: concepts, processes, methods, modeling, and simulation; - Detectors, devices, and methods for particles, including astroparticles, nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics; - Instruments and methods for plasma research; - Methods and devices in astronomy and astrophysics; - Detectors, methods, and devices for biomedical applications, life sciences, and materials research; - Instruments and techniques for medical imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutic technologies; - Instruments and techniques for dosimetry, monitoring, and radiation damage; - Instruments and methods for detectors and non-destructive testing (NDT); - Concepts of detector readout, electronics, and data acquisition methods; - Algorithms, software, and data simplification methods; - Materials and related technologies; - Engineering and technical issues. JINST also includes a section dedicated to technical reports and instrumentation papers.

《Journal of Instrumentation》（JINST）涵盖了与探测器物理、加速器科学及相关实验方法和技术、理论、建模和模拟中的概念和仪器相关的主要领域。主要学科领域包括：- 加速器：概念、建模、模拟和源；- 加速器的仪器和硬件：粒子、同步辐射、中子；- 探测器物理学：概念、过程、方法、建模和模拟；- 粒子的探测器、设备和方法，天文粒子、核、原子和分子物理学；- 等离子体研究的仪器和方法；- 天文学和天体物理学的方法和设备；- 生物医学应用、生命科学和材料研究的检测器、方法和设备；- 医学成像、诊断和治疗技术的仪器和技术；- 用于剂量测定、监测和辐射损伤的仪器和技术；- 检测器、无损检测（NDT）的仪器和方法；- 检测器读出概念、电子和数据采集方法；- 算法、软件和数据简化方法；- 材料和相关技术等；- 工程和技术问题。JINST还包括一个专门致力于技术报告和仪器仪表论文的部分。

Category	Quartile
工程技术	4
工程技术, 仪器仪表	4
工程技术, 核科学技术	4

Characterization of Silicon Photomultiplier Photon Detection Efficiency at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature

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