Bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs and tissue has been widely documented in physiological and pathological conditions. This communication relies on the bilateral transmission of signaling molecules and substances that circulate throughout the body and reach their target site(s) via the blood and other biological fluids (e.g., the cerebrospinal fluid, the lymph). One of the mechanisms by which these molecular messengers are exchanged is through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are known to mediate cell-to-cell communication by delivering biological molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and various other bioactive regulators. Moreover, EVs can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), enabling direct communication between the periphery and the brain. In particular, the delivery of microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate the expression profiles of recipient cells, thereby influencing their functions. This review synthesizes current findings about the brain–periphery cross-talk mediated by EVs-delivered miRNAs. Although this mechanism has been definitively shown in a few cases, much evidence indirectly indicates that it could mediate brain–peripherical organs/tissue communication, especially in pathological conditions. Therefore, understanding this process could provide valuable insights for the treatment and management of neurological and systemic diseases.

Giuseppa D’Amico

Adelaide Carista

Olga Maria Manna

Letizia Paladino

Domiziana Picone

Silvia Sarullo

Martina Sausa

Francesco Cappello

Alessandra Maria Vitale

Celeste Caruso Bavisotto

Biology

Biology (ISSN 2079-7737) is an international, peer-reviewed, quick-refereeing open access journal of Biological Science published by MDPI online. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications in all areas of biology and at the interface of related disciplines. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.

Biology is an international, peer-reviewed, quick-refereeing open access journal of Biological Science published online by MDPI. It covers all areas of biology and related disciplines, publishing reviews, research papers, and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There are no restrictions on the length of the papers, and full experimental details must be provided to ensure reproducibility of results. If the full details of the experimental procedure cannot be published in the usual manner, electronic files can be deposited as supplementary material.

《Biology》是一本国际性的、经过同行评审的快速审稿开放获取期刊，专注于生物科学，由MDPI在线出版。期刊涵盖生物学及相关学科的所有领域，发表综述、研究论文和通讯。我们的目标是鼓励科学家尽可能详细地发布他们的实验和理论结果。对论文的长度没有限制，必须提供完整的实验细节，以便结果可以被复现。如果实验程序的完整细节无法以正常方式发布，可以将电子文件作为补充材料提交。

Category	Quartile
生物学	3
生物学, 生物学	3

Brain–Periphery Axes: The Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles-Delivered miRNAs

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