Even early on thromboembolic events were observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) until the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was described in the 1980s as an independent disorder. The APS is a systemic autoimmune disease often overlapping with SLE in which antiphospholipid autoantibodies, including lupus anticoagulant, can cause a hypercoagulation state, which clinically by definition is manifested as arterial and venous occlusions or pregnancy complications. The pathophysiology has not yet been entirely delineated and the clinical spectrum of associated concomitant manifestations is large. As the mortality is increased with SLE and simultaneous APS, focused diagnostics and risk assessment are indispensable. According to the recently published recommendations of the European League Against Rheumatism the therapeutic strategy comprises individualized secondary prevention of thromboembolic complications by means of anticoagulation (with unaltered importance of vitamin K antagonists) and thrombocyte aggregation inhibition, usually lifelong. Statins and antimalarial drugs are recommended for vascular protection while immunosuppressive treatment has not so far been sufficiently proven for APS but remains the subject of current research.

M Lettau

E V Schrezenmeier

C Specker

T Dörner

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie

《风湿病学杂志》是一份国际知名的刊物，为风湿病专家在私人诊所和诊所工作的进一步培训提供服务。该杂志致力于临床风湿病学的各个方面、风湿病的治疗和风湿病学的基础研究，对当前关键主题的综合评论是每期的核心。重点是与日常工作高度相关的可靠的诊断和治疗知识——读者会收到具体的行动建议。免费提交的原件能够展示重要的临床研究并服务于科学交流的目的。

The "Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie" is an internationally recognized journal aimed at supporting further training for rheumatology specialists in private practices and clinics. This journal covers all aspects of clinical rheumatology, including the treatment of rheumatic diseases and fundamental research. Each issue features comprehensive reviews of current key topics, focusing on reliable diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge that is highly relevant to daily practice, providing readers with specific actionable recommendations. We welcome the submission of original research to showcase significant clinical findings and facilitate scientific communication.

《Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie》是一份国际知名的期刊，旨在为风湿病专家在私人诊所和医院的进一步培训提供支持。该杂志涵盖临床风湿病学的各个方面，包括风湿病的治疗和基础研究。每期的核心内容是对当前关键主题的综合评论，重点提供与日常工作密切相关的可靠诊断和治疗知识，读者将获得具体的行动建议。我们欢迎提交原创研究，以展示重要的临床研究成果，并促进科学交流。

Category	Quartile
医学	4
医学, 风湿病学	4

[Lupus and thrombophilia : Antiphospholipid syndrome].

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