A lack of strong evidence for genetic heritability of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) has focused attention on environmental toxicants in the disease etiology, particularly agrichemicals. PD is associated with advanced age, but it is unclear whether specific neuronal damage could result from insults during development. This study hypothesized that prenatal exposure to pesticides would disrupt the development of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system and enhance its vulnerability to dopaminergic neurotoxicant exposures later in life. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were treated on gestational days 10–17 with saline or the pesticides maneb (MB, 1 mg/kg) or paraquat (PQ, 0.3 mg/kg). When offspring were evaluated in adulthood, there were no significant effects of prenatal MB or PQ exposure on locomotor activity. Subsequently, offspring were treated for 8 consecutive days with saline, MB (30 mg/kg), or PQ (5 mg/kg). One week after the last exposure, only males exposed to prenatal MB and adulthood PQ showed significant reductions in locomotor activity (95%) and changes in striatal neurochemistry. Stereological assessment of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area correspondingly confirmed selective dopaminergic-neuron loss in SNpc. The lack of changes in other exposure groups suggests a specificity to the sequence of exposures as well as gender specificity. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to MB produces selective, permanent alterations of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and enhances adult susceptibility to PQ exposure. This study implicates a role for developmental neurotoxicant exposure in the induction of neurodegenerative disorders such as PD.

Brian K. Barlow

Eric K. Richfield

Deborah A. Cory-Slechta

Mona Thiruchelvam

Developmental Neuroscience

《DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE》是一本多学科期刊，发表论文涵盖无脊椎动物、脊椎动物和人类大脑发育的所有阶段。重点放在发表有助于我们理解正常发育机制以及异常大脑发育的遗传和环境原因的基础研究和转化研究。因此，该杂志为医生和生物学家提供了有价值的信息。为了满足读者快速增长的信息需求，该杂志将报告发育神经科学进展和进展的原创论文与简明的小型评论相结合，及时概述关键主题、新见解和正在进行的争议。 《发育神经科学》的编辑水准很高。我们致力于只发表对该领域做出重大贡献的高质量、完整的论文。

Developmental Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary journal that publishes research papers covering all stages of brain development in invertebrates, vertebrates, and humans. The journal focuses on both basic and translational research that helps us understand the genetic and environmental factors influencing normal and abnormal brain development. As such, it provides valuable information for both clinicians and biologists. To meet the growing information needs of readers, the journal combines original papers with concise mini-reviews, offering timely overviews of key topics, new insights, and ongoing controversies in the field of developmental neuroscience. The editorial standards of Developmental Neuroscience are very high, and we are committed to publishing only high-quality, comprehensive papers that make significant contributions to the field.

《Developmental Neuroscience》是一本多学科期刊，发表涵盖无脊椎动物、脊椎动物及人类大脑发育各个阶段的研究论文。期刊重点关注基础研究和转化研究，这些研究有助于我们理解正常及异常大脑发育的遗传和环境因素。因此，该期刊为医生和生物学家提供了宝贵的信息。为了满足读者日益增长的信息需求，期刊结合了原创论文和简明的小型评论，及时概述发育神经科学领域的最新进展、关键主题、新见解及正在进行的争议。《Developmental Neuroscience》的编辑水准极高，我们致力于只发表对该领域做出重大贡献的高质量、完整的论文。

Category	Quartile
医学	4
医学, 发育生物学	4
医学, 神经科学	4

A Fetal Risk Factor for Parkinson’s Disease

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