Abstract Life can properly respond to external stimuli. This is because life is constructed by individual components (molecules and macromolecules) and responds to the external environment autonomously as a system, through interactions between components, converting energy, and information. This response contrasts with matter, which responds directly to external fields (heat, electric or magnetic fields, light, etc.). Life self-reproduces by converting ingested essential nutrients for self-reproduction and moves to safe and nourished areas. Life also possesses information molecules and propagates the information to its offspring. In this repeatable process, individuals possessing traits adaptable to their environment become the dominant species through natural selection, leading to evolution. We believe that even such a sophisticated life can be constructed as a dynamic supramolecular system by assembling characteristic molecules and macromolecules. This review shows how giant vesicles, self-assemblies of amphiphilic molecules, self-reproduce as primitive model protocells, expressing life-like features by incorporating new components, and eventually evolve into the ultimate artificial cell model.

Tadashi Sugawara

Muneyuki Matsuo

Taro Toyota

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

日本化学会公报（BCSJ）致力于发表理论与物理化学、分析与无机化学、有机与生物化学、应用与材料化学等领域的科研论文。 BCSJ 以月刊形式在线出现，并提前发布三种描述原创研究的论文（ACCOUNTS、ARTICLES 和 SHORT ARTICLES）。 BCSJ 的目的是选择和发表对整个化学界具有最广泛意义的最重要的论文。日本化学会希望所有访客都能注意到我们期刊的实用性和丰富的主题，并欢迎来自世界各地的科学家的更多投稿。

The Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (BCSJ) is dedicated to publishing research papers in the fields of theoretical and physical chemistry, analytical and inorganic chemistry, organic and biochemistry, as well as applied and materials chemistry. BCSJ is published online on a monthly basis and features early releases of three types of original research papers (ACCOUNTS, ARTICLES, and SHORT ARTICLES). The aim of BCSJ is to select and publish the most significant papers that hold broad relevance for the entire chemistry community. The Chemical Society of Japan encourages all visitors to recognize the practicality and diverse topics of our journal and welcomes submissions from scientists around the world.

《Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan》（BCSJ）致力于发表理论与物理化学、分析与无机化学、有机与生物化学、应用与材料化学等领域的科研论文。BCSJ 以月刊形式在线发布，并提前发布三种类型的原创研究论文（ACCOUNTS、ARTICLES 和 SHORT ARTICLES）。BCSJ 的目标是选择和发表对整个化学界具有广泛意义的重要论文。日本化学会希望所有访客都能注意到我们期刊的实用性和丰富的主题，并欢迎来自世界各地的科学家投稿。

Category	Quartile
化学	3
化学, 化学综合	4

“Life” as a Dynamic Supramolecular System Created Through Constructive Approach

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY	2