ABSTRACT The neuropathological signature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) comprises mainly amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, resulting in synaptic and neuronal loss. These pathological structures stem from amyloid dysfunctional metabolism according to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, leading to the formation of plaques, and apparently inducing the initiation of the abnormal tau pathway, with phosphorylation and aggregation of these proteins, ultimately causing the formation of tangles. In this narrative review, the existing hypothesis related to the pathophysiology of AD were compiled, and biological pathways were highlighted in order to identify the molecules that could represent biological markers of the disease, necessary to establish early diagnosis, as well as the selection of patients for therapeutical interventional strategies.

Eliasz Engelhardt

Elisa de Paula França Resende

Karina Braga Gomes

Dementia & Neuropsychologia

Dementia top Neuropsychologia the official scientific journal of the Cognitive Neurology and Ageing Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology and of the Brazilian Association of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, is published by the "Associação Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento", a nonprofit Brazilian association. Regularly published on March, June, September, and December since 2007.

Dementia e Neuropsychologia is the official scientific journal of the Cognitive Neurology and Ageing Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology and the Brazilian Association of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry. It is published by the non-profit Brazilian association "Associação Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento". The journal has been regularly published in March, June, September, and December since 2007.

《Dementia e Neuropsychologia》是巴西神经病学学会的认知神经学与老龄化部门和巴西老年神经精神病学协会的官方科学期刊，由巴西非营利性协会"Associação Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento"出版。自2007年起，该期刊定期于每年的3月、6月、9月和12月出版。

Physiopathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative review

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