Objective: The aim of this review is to map the prehospital rewarming measures used to prevent hypothermia among trauma victims. Background: Hypothermia is responsible for an increase of the mortality and morbidity in trauma victims and its recognition and early treatment are crucial for the victim’s haemodynamic stabilisation. Prehospital interventions are particularly important, especially those that target bleeding control, haemodynamic stability, and safe body temperature. Registered nurses may be pivotal to prevention and minimisation of the dangerous effects of hypothermia. Study design and methods: A scoping review was used to identify articles from several online databases from 2010 to 2018. Studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were included. Two reviewers performed data extractions independently. Results: Seven studies were considered eligible for this review: two quantitative research studies, one qualitative research study, and four literature reviews. Rewarming measures can be divided into two main groups: passive rewarming, which includes the use of blankets, positioning the response unit to act as a windbreak, removing the patients’ wet clothes, drying the patient’s body, and increasing the ambient temperature; and active rewarming which includes the use of heating pads, heated oxygen, warmed intravenous fluids, peritoneal irrigation, arteriovenous rewarming, and haemodialysis. Discussion: Active measures reported by the included studies were always used as a complement to the passive measures. Active rewarming produced an increase in core temperature, and passive rewarming was responsible for intrinsic heat-generating mechanisms that will counteract heat loss. Patients receiving passive warming in addition to active warming measures presented a statistically significant increase in body core temperature as well as an improvement in the discomfort caused by cold. Conclusion: Rewarming measures seem to be essential for the prevention of hypothermia and to minimise the discomfort felt by the patient. In many countries registered nurses can play important roles in the prehospital context of trauma victim’s assistance. Greater understanding of these roles is necessary to the development of better practices.

Mauro Mota

Madalena Cunha

Margarida Santos

Eduardo Santos

Filipe Meto

Tito Abrantes

Ana Santa

Australian journal of advanced nursing

《澳大利亚高级护理杂志》发表了与护理和助产实践、健康产科和老年护理交付、公共卫生、医疗保健政策和资金、护理和助产相关的各种原创研究、评论文章、实践指南和评论教育、监管、管理、经济学、伦理学和研究方法。此外，该杂志发表个人叙述，传达护理和助产的艺术和精神。作为 ANMF 的官方同行评审期刊，AJAN 致力于出版和展示与国家护理和助产专业、临床、临床、研究、教育、管理和政策受众。除了 AJAN 的主要国家重点之外，还欢迎具有区域和国际范围的手稿，因为它们对更广泛的护理、助产和医疗保健关键问题的知识和辩论做出了重大贡献。

The Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing publishes a variety of original research, review articles, practice guidelines, and educational reviews related to nursing and midwifery practice, health obstetrics and geriatric care delivery, public health, healthcare policy and funding, as well as topics related to nursing and midwifery. The journal also features personal narratives that convey the art and spirit of nursing and midwifery. As the official peer-reviewed journal of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF), AJAN is committed to publishing and showcasing content relevant to the national nursing and midwifery professions, clinical practice, research, education, management, and policy. In addition to AJAN's primary national focus, manuscripts with regional and international perspectives are welcomed, as they contribute significantly to the knowledge and debate on broader issues in nursing, midwifery, and healthcare.

《澳大利亚高级护理杂志》发表与护理和助产实践、健康产科和老年护理、公共卫生、医疗保健政策与资金、以及护理和助产相关的各种原创研究、评论文章、实践指南和教育评论。内容涵盖监管、管理、经济学、伦理学和研究方法。此外，该杂志还发表个人叙述，传达护理和助产的艺术与精神。作为澳大利亚护理与助产联合会（ANMF）的官方同行评审期刊，AJAN 致力于出版和展示与国家护理和助产专业、临床、研究、教育、管理和政策相关的内容。除了 AJAN 的主要国家重点外，欢迎具有区域和国际视野的手稿，这些手稿对更广泛的护理、助产和医疗保健关键问题的知识和辩论做出了重要贡献。

Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing

Prehospital interventions to prevent hypothermia in trauma patients: a scoping review

Rewarming measures seem to be essential for the prevention of hypothermia and to minimise the discomfort felt by the patient, and passive and active rewarming measures must be implemented as soon as possible for trauma victims.

Category	Quartile
医学	4
医学, 护理	4

Prehospital interventions to prevent hypothermia in trauma patients: a scoping review

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