Ideas and Opinions14 March 2023Written by Humans or Artificial Intelligence? That Is the QuestionMichiel Schinkel, MD, Ketan Paranjape, MSc, PhD, and Prabath Nanayakkara, MD, PhDMichiel Schinkel, MDAmsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, and Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.)Search for more papers by this author, Ketan Paranjape, MSc, PhDAmsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (K.P., P.N.).Search for more papers by this author, and Prabath Nanayakkara, MD, PhDAmsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (K.P., P.N.).Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M23-0154 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Let us start with a quiz. In the Table, we present part of the introduction of an article published in Annals of Internal Medicine, next to an introduction generated by a software application called Chatbot that uses artificial intelligence (AI) (1, 2). Which of the 2 is generated by AI?Table. Part of the Introduction of an Article Published in Annals and a Version Generated by the AI-Powered ChatbotIntroductionOn 21 January 1677, “Brief Rule to Guide the Common People of New England How to Order Themselves and Theirs in the Small Pocks, or Measles” became the first medical publication ...References1. ChatGPT: Optimizing Language Models for Dialogue. Accessed at https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt on 11 January 2023. Google Scholar2. Scott IA. Machine learning and evidence-based medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:44-46. [PMID: 29710098] doi:10.7326/M18-0115 LinkGoogle Scholar3. Image 1 of Brief rule to guide the common people of New England how to order themselves and theirs in the small pocks, or measles. Boston, printed and sold by John Foster. 1677. [Facsimile]. Library of Congress. Accessed at www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.03300900 on 11 January 2023. Google Scholar4. Densen P. Challenges and opportunities facing medical education. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2011;122:48-58. [PMID: 21686208] MedlineGoogle Scholar5. King MR; ChatGPT. A conversation on artificial intelligence, chatbots, and plagiarism in higher education [Editorial]. Cell Mol Bioeng. 2023;16:1-2. [PMID: 36660590] doi:10.1007/s12195-022-00754-8 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. King MR. The future of AI in medicine: a perspective from a chatbot [Editorial]. Ann Biomed Eng. 2023;51:291-295. [PMID: 36572824] doi:10.1007/s10439-022-03121-w CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. Balan S. English as the language of research: but are we missing the mark. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2021;3:100043. [PMID: 35480598] doi:10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100043 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. Bolton E, Hall D, Yasunaga M, et al. Stanford CRFM introduces PubMedGPT 2.7B. 15 December 2022. Accessed at https://hai.stanford.edu/news/stanford-crfm-introduces-pubmedgpt-27b on 1 February 2023. Google Scholar9. Singhal K, Azizi S, Tu T, et al. Large language models encode clinical knowledge. arXiv. Preprint posted online 26 December 2022. doi:10.48550/arxiv.2212.13138 CrossrefGoogle Scholar10. GPTZero. Accessed at https://gptzero.me on 11 January 2023. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, and Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.)Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (K.P., P.N.).Disclosures: Authors have reported no disclosures of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M23-0154.Corresponding Author: Michiel Schinkel, MD, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; e-mail, m.[email protected]nl.Author Contributions: Conception and design: P. Nanayakkara, K. Paranjape, M. Schinkel.Analysis and interpretation of the data: P. Nanayakkara, K. Paranjape.Drafting of the article: P. Nanayakkara, K. Paranjape, M. Schinkel.Critical revision for important intellectual content: P. Nanayakkara, M. Schinkel.Final approval of the article: P. Nanayakkara, K. Paranjape, M. Schinkel.Administrative, technical, or logistic support: P. Nanayakkara, K. Paranjape, M. Schinkel.Collection and assembly of data: P. Nanayakkara, K. Paranjape.This article was published at Annals.org on 14 March 2023. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics LatestKeywordsArtificial intelligenceHealth careInformation technology ePublished: 14 March 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...

Michiel Schinkel

Ketan Paranjape

Prabath Nanayakkara

Annals of Internal Medicine

内科医学年鉴的使命是促进医学卓越，使医生和其他医疗保健专业人员成为医学界和社会中消息灵通的成员，推进医学研究的实施和报告标准，并为改善患者的健康做出贡献全世界的人。为了实现这一使命，该杂志发表了与临床实践、医疗保健服务、公共卫生、医疗保健政策、医学教育、伦理和研究方法相关的各种原创研究、评论文章、实践指南和评论。此外，该杂志还出版了传达医学艺术的个人叙述。

The mission of the Annals of Internal Medicine is to promote excellence in medicine, making physicians and other healthcare professionals informed members of the medical community and society, advancing the implementation and reporting standards of medical research, and contributing to the improvement of health for patients worldwide. To achieve this mission, the journal publishes a variety of original research, review articles, practice guidelines, and commentaries related to clinical practice, healthcare services, public health, healthcare policy, medical education, ethics, and research methods. Additionally, the journal also publishes personal narratives that convey the art of medicine.

《Annals of Internal Medicine》的使命是促进医学卓越，使医生和其他医疗保健专业人员成为医学界和社会中消息灵通的成员，推动医学研究的实施和报告标准，并为改善全球患者的健康做出贡献。为实现这一使命，该杂志发表了与临床实践、医疗保健服务、公共卫生、医疗保健政策、医学教育、伦理和研究方法相关的各种原创研究、评论文章、实践指南和评论。此外，该杂志还出版了传达医学艺术的个人叙述。

Written by Humans or Artificial Intelligence? That Is the Question

The profound implications and changes that a recent breakthrough in AI may cause for researchers, reviewers, and editors in scientific writing are outlined.

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医学	1
医学, 医学内科	1

Written by Humans or Artificial Intelligence? That Is the Question

ivySCI AI Smartly Parses PDF, Answers Researchers' Questions, and Helps You Understand Papers in Seconds

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MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL	1