▪ Abstract The neonicotinoids, the newest major class of insecticides, have outstanding potency and systemic action for crop protection against piercing-sucking pests, and they are highly effective for flea control on cats and dogs. Their common names are acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam. They generally have low toxicity to mammals (acute and chronic), birds, and fish. Biotransformations involve some activation reactions but largely detoxification mechanisms. In contrast to nicotine, epibatidine, and other ammonium or iminium nicotinoids, which are mostly protonated at physiological pH, the neonicotinoids are not protonated and have an electronegative nitro or cyano pharmacophore. Agonist recognition by the nicotinic receptor involves cation-π interaction for nicotinoids in mammals and possibly a cationic subsite for interaction with the nitro or cyano substituent of neonicotinoids in insects. The low affinity of neonicotinoids for vertebrate relative to insect nicotinic receptors is a major factor in their favorable toxicological profile.

Motohiro Tomizawa

John E. Casida

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

自 1961 年出版的《药理学和毒理学年度评论》涵盖了药理学和毒理学领域的重大发展，包括受体、转运蛋白、酶和化学试剂；药物开发科学；免疫系统、中枢和自主神经系统、胃肠系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统和肺系统等系统；和专题。

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, published since 1961, covers significant developments in the fields of pharmacology and toxicology, including research on receptors, transport proteins, enzymes, and chemical agents; the science of drug development; and topics related to various systems such as the immune system, central and autonomic nervous systems, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, and pulmonary system.

《Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology》自1961年出版，涵盖了药理学和毒理学领域的重要进展，包括受体、转运蛋白、酶和化学试剂的研究；药物开发的科学；以及免疫系统、中枢神经系统、自主神经系统、胃肠系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统和肺系统等多个系统的相关内容。

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.

NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDE TOXICOLOGY: Mechanisms of Selective Action

The neonicotinoids have outstanding potency and systemic action for crop protection against piercing-sucking pests, and they are highly effective for flea control on cats and dogs.

Category	Quartile
医学	1
医学, 药学	1
医学, 毒理学	1

NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDE TOXICOLOGY: Mechanisms of Selective Action

ivySCI AI Smartly Parses PDF, Answers Researchers' Questions, and Helps You Understand Papers in Seconds

Journal Info