In recent years there have been astonishing advances in AI-based synthetic media generation. Thanks to deep learning methods it is now possible to generate visual data with a high level of realism. This is especially true for human faces. Advanced deep learning tools allow one to easily change some specific attributes of a real face or even create brand new identities. Although this opens up a large number of new opportunities, just think of the entertainment industry, it also undermines the trustworthiness of media content and supports the spread of fake identities over the internet. In this context, there is a fundamental need to develop robust and automatic tools capable of distinguishing synthetic faces from real ones. The scientific community is making a huge research effort in this field, proposing several interesting approaches. However, a universal detector is yet to come. Fundamentally, the research in this field is like a cat and mouse game, with new detectors that are designed to deal with powerful synthetic face generators, while the latter keep improving to produce more and more realistic images. In this chapter we will present the most effective techniques proposed in the literature for the detection of synthetic faces. We will analyze their rationale, present real-world application scenarios , and compare different approaches in terms of accuracy and generalization ability.

Diego Gragnaniello

Francesco Marra

Detection of AI-Generated Synthetic Faces

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