Double-difference (DD) tomography is a generalization of DD location; it simultaneously solves for the three-dimensional velocity structure and seismic event locations. DD tomography uses a combination of absolute and more accurate differential arrival times and hierarchically determines the velocity structure from larger scale to smaller scale. This method is able to produce more accurate event locations and velocity structure near the source region than standard tomography, which uses only absolute arrival times. We conduct a stability and uncertainty analysis of DD tomography based on a synthetic data set. Currently three versions of the DD tomography algorithms exist: tomoDD, tomoFDD and tomoADD. TomoDD assumes a flat earth model and uses a pseudo-bending ray-tracing algorithm to find rays between events and stations while tomoFDD uses a finite-difference travel-time algorithm and the curvature of the Earth is considered. Both codes are based on a regularly distributed inversion grid, with the former for a local scale and the latter for a regional scale. In contrast, tomoADD adapts the inversion mesh to match with the data distribution based on tetrahedral and Voronoi diagrams. We discuss examples of applying DD tomography to characterize fault zone structure, image high-resolution structure of subduction zones, and determine the velocity structure of volcanoes.

Haijiang Zhang

Clifford Thurber

Pure and Applied Geophysics

PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS (PAGEOPH) 是《GEOFISICA PURA E APPLICATA》杂志的续篇，发表在固体地球、大气和海洋科学领域的原创科学贡献。定期和特刊以关于当前研究和最先进调查的活跃领域的发人深省的报告为特色。长期运行的期刊，成立于 1939 年，名称为 GEOFISICA PURA E APPLICATA，出版经过同行评审的原创科学贡献和最新状态固体地球和大气科学的艺术调查提供关于当前研究活跃领域的发人深省的报告，是海啸研究出版物的主要来源覆盖范围延伸至海洋科学的研究主题请参阅右侧的作者说明。

PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS (PAGEOPH) is the continuation of GEOFISICA PURA E APPLICATA, focusing on original scientific contributions in the fields of solid Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. The journal publishes regularly and features thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research. Established in 1939, it has been dedicated to publishing peer-reviewed original scientific contributions, showcasing the latest developments in solid Earth and atmospheric sciences, and serves as a major source for tsunami research, with its scope extending to topics in ocean science.

《PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS (PAGEOPH)》是《GEOFISICA PURA E APPLICATA》的续篇，专注于固体地球、大气和海洋科学领域的原创科学研究。该期刊定期出版，涵盖当前研究的活跃领域，提供发人深省的报告。自1939年创刊以来，该期刊一直致力于发表经过同行评审的原创科学贡献，展示固体地球和大气科学的最新进展，并成为海啸研究的重要出版物，其覆盖范围也扩展至海洋科学的相关主题。

Category	Quartile
地球科学	4
地球科学, 地球化学与地球物理	3

Development and Applications of Double-difference Seismic Tomography

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