Summary The effects of reducing the plant density of winter wheat (cv. Haven) on canopy formation, radiation absorption and dry matter production and partitioning were investigated in field experiments in 1996/97 and 1997/98. Crop densities established ranged from 19 to 338 plants m −2 . Grain yield was maintained with large reductions in plant density. At low plant densities the relative growth rate of the crop increased allowing a maintenance of crop dry matter production. An 18 fold reduction in plant density led only to a six fold reduction in green area index at the beginning of stem extension and by anthesis the difference was less than two fold. Crops grown at low plant densities increased green area per plant through increased duration of tiller production, green area per shoot and shoot survival. Main stem leaf number, phyllochron and tiller production rate were not significantly affected by plant density. Radiation use efficiency was greater at the low plant densities. We propose that better radiation distribution through the canopy and increased canopy nitrogen ratio were the causative mechanisms for this increase in RUE. As a result of increased green area per shoot and a decrease in ear production, more radiation was absorbed per shoot at the low plant densities, allowing an increase in grain number per ear from 32 to 48.

J M WHALEY

D L SPARKES

M J FOULKES

J H SPINK

T SEMERE

R K SCOTT

Annals of Applied Biology

ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY 是由应用生物学家协会赞助的国际期刊。该杂志发表关于作物生产、作物保护和种植生态系统应用研究各个方面的原创研究论文。该杂志每年以在线和六期印刷的形式出版。年刊论文必须对知识的进步做出重大贡献，并且可能包括以下科学学科：农学农业气象学农业环境科学应用基因组学应用代谢组学应用蛋白质组学生物多样性生物控制气候变化作物生态昆虫学遗传操作分子生物学真菌学线虫学害虫植物病理学植物育种和遗传学植物生理学收获后生物学土壤科学统计学病毒学杂草生物学年鉴也欢迎对这些学科领域感兴趣的评论。评论应该是对该领域的批判性调查，并提供新的见解。所有论文均需经过同行评审。论文通常必须对应用生物学知识的进步做出重大贡献，但讨论技术或证实结果的简短论文，以及对应用生物学家感兴趣的当前知识的评论将被考虑发表。论文或评论不得提供给任何其他期刊以供事先或同时发表，通常平均为七页。

The Annals of Applied Biology is an international journal sponsored by the Association of Applied Biologists, focusing on original research in the fields of crop production, crop protection, and the application of research in agro-ecosystems. The journal publishes six issues annually in both online and print formats. Submitted papers must make a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge and may cover various scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural meteorology, agricultural environmental science, applied genomics, applied metabolomics, applied proteomics, biodiversity, biocontrol, climate change, crop ecology, entomology, genetic engineering, molecular biology, mycology, nematology, pest management, plant pathology, plant breeding and genetics, plant physiology, post-harvest biology, soil science, statistics, virology, and weed biology. The journal also welcomes critical reviews in these fields that provide new insights. All submissions undergo peer review. Papers are generally expected to make a significant contribution to the advancement of applied biological knowledge, but brief papers discussing techniques or confirming results, as well as reviews of current knowledge of interest to applied biologists, will also be considered for publication. Submissions must not be offered to any other journal for prior or simultaneous publication, and papers typically average seven pages in length.

《Annals of Applied Biology》是由应用生物学家协会赞助的国际期刊，专注于作物生产、作物保护和种植生态系统的应用研究。该期刊每年在线和印刷版各出版六期，发表原创研究论文，要求对知识的进步做出显著贡献。涉及的科学领域包括：农学、农业气象学、农业环境科学、应用基因组学、应用代谢组学、应用蛋白质组学、生物多样性、生物控制、气候变化、作物生态、昆虫学、遗传操作、分子生物学、真菌学、线虫学、害虫学、植物病理学、植物育种与遗传学、植物生理学、收获后生物学、土壤科学、统计学、病毒学和杂草生物学。此外，期刊也欢迎对这些领域感兴趣的评论文章，要求对该领域进行批判性调查并提供新的见解。所有论文均需经过同行评审，通常要求对应用生物学知识的进步做出重大贡献。简短的技术讨论或结果验证论文，以及对应用生物学家感兴趣的当前知识的评论也会被考虑发表。所有提交的论文或评论不得同时或提前提交给其他期刊，通常平均长度为七页。

The physiological response of winter wheat to reductions in plant density

It is proposed that better radiation distribution through the canopy and increased canopy nitrogen ratio were the causative mechanisms for this increase in RUE.

Category	Quartile
农林科学	3
农林科学, 农业综合	3

The physiological response of winter wheat to reductions in plant density

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Category	Quartile
AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY	2