Single-atom catalysis has arguably become the most active new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis. Aided by recent advances in practical synthetic methodologies, characterization techniques and computational modelling, we now have a large number of single-atom catalysts (SACs) that exhibit distinctive performances for a wide variety of chemical reactions. This Perspective summarizes recent experimental and computational efforts aimed at understanding the bonding in SACs and how this relates to catalytic performance. The examples described here illustrate the utility of SACs in a broad scope of industrially important reactions and highlight the advantages these catalysts have over those presently used. SACs have well-defined active centres, such that unique opportunities exist for the rational design of new catalysts with high activities, selectivities and stabilities. Indeed, given a certain practical application, we can often design a suitable SAC; thus, the field has developed very rapidly and afforded promising catalyst leads. Moreover, the control we have over certain SAC structures paves the way for designing base metal catalysts with the activities of noble metal catalysts. It appears that we are entering a new era of heterogeneous catalysis in which we have control over well-dispersed single-atom active sites whose properties we can readily tune.Single-atom catalysts are heterogeneous materials featuring active metals sites atomically dispersed on a surface. This Review describes methods by which we prepare and characterize these materials, as well as how we can tune their catalytic performance in a variety of important reactions.

Aiqin Wang

Jun Li

Tao Zhang

Nature Reviews Chemistry

NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY 是一本在线期刊，每周出版化学内所有学科的评论、观点和评论。我们的评论旨在对所选主题进行平衡和客观的分析——对相关科学文献的描述和简单的讨论掌握任何化学相关学科的应届毕业生，并向主要研究人员和行业研究科学家通报最新进展。评论应该为作者提供对未来方向的洞察力以及他们对该领域研究人员面临的主要挑战的看法。观点——顾名思义——从稍微不同的角度看待一个话题。他们可能会提供更多的个人观点，解释某个主题的历史背景，或讨论与学术界和工业界化学研究相关的一些社会、伦理或环境因素。我们的评论针对化学中的热点问题——目的是涵盖化学家普遍感兴趣的主题不一定关注化学研究的结果或实践。这可能包括但不限于化学教育的讨论和学术环境之外的研究实践。评论、观点和评论由编辑团队委托。

Nature Reviews Chemistry is an online journal that publishes reviews, perspectives, and commentaries across all disciplines of chemistry on a weekly basis. Our reviews aim to provide a balanced and objective analysis of selected topics, helping recent graduates grasp relevant scientific literature and keeping leading researchers and industry scientists informed of the latest developments. Reviews should offer authors insights into future directions and perspectives on the major challenges faced by researchers in the field. Perspectives, as the name suggests, view a topic from slightly different angles. They may provide more personal insights, explain the historical context of a subject, or discuss some social, ethical, or environmental factors related to chemical research in academia and industry. Our reviews focus on hot topics in chemistry, aiming to cover subjects of general interest to chemists, not necessarily limited to the results or practices of chemical research. This may include discussions on chemical education and research practices outside the academic environment. Reviews, perspectives, and commentaries are commissioned by the editorial team.

《Nature Reviews Chemistry》是一本在线期刊，每周发布化学各个领域的评论、观点和综述。我们的评论旨在对选定主题进行平衡和客观的分析，帮助应届毕业生掌握相关科学文献，并向主要研究人员和行业科学家通报最新进展。评论应为作者提供对未来研究方向的洞察，以及对该领域研究人员面临的主要挑战的看法。观点文章则从不同的角度探讨某一主题，可能会提供更多个人见解，解释某个主题的历史背景，或讨论与学术界和工业界化学研究相关的社会、伦理或环境因素。我们的评论关注化学中的热点问题，旨在涵盖化学家普遍感兴趣的主题，而不一定局限于化学研究的结果或实践。这可能包括但不限于对化学教育的讨论以及学术环境之外的研究实践。评论、观点和综述均由编辑团队委托撰写。

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Heterogeneous single-atom catalysis

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