The consumption of lithium-ion batteries raises raw material demand for and the pressure on ecological sustainability. Metals can be recovered in shorter paths while considerably boosting material use, hence selective recycling of specific elements is becoming a hotspot. This paper proposes a thermally-driven closed-loop recycling process for scrap LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes, in which Li is efficiently extracted by water leaching. Then, by combining the leaching residue with Li2CO3, a solid-phase synthesis is carried out, with Li being targeted to heal into Ni-Co-Mn-O to construct the layered structure. The electrochemical performance of the resynthesized cathode material is comparable to that of the commercial LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) material. During the thermal-driven conversion, solid-state processes can be observed. To ensure charge conservation, Li+ in the unstable layered structure is released and mixed with SO42- to produce Li2SO4, and lattice oxygen escapes and transforms with Ni2+ to generate NiO. For the resynthesized process, the spherical shape of Ni-Co-Mn-O is largely retained. Notably, sulfur is remained in the form of SO42- throughout the closed-loop process and is therefore free of contamination. The thermal-driven conversion recycling process revealed in this study will encourage researchers to ensure more efforts in efficient and selective recovery for sustainable energy storage of rechargeable batteries.

Jiao Lin

Cheng Cui

Xiaodong Zhang

Ersha Fan

Renjie Chen

Feng Wu

Li Li

Journal of hazardous materials

《危险材料杂志》发表了完整的研究论文、评论和案例研究，以提高我们对某些材料对人类和环境造成的危害和风险的理解，或处理控制这些危害和相关风险的方法。编辑特别欢迎评论文章的建议。为限制范围，以下领域被排除在外：非危险材料、工作场所的健康与安全、标准市政和废水处理工艺，包括去除营养物质、减少温室气体排放和制造炸药。

The Journal of Hazardous Materials publishes comprehensive research papers, reviews, and case studies aimed at enhancing our understanding of the hazards and risks posed by certain materials to human health and the environment, as well as methods for managing and controlling these hazards and associated risks. The editors particularly welcome suggestions for review articles. To limit the scope, the following areas are excluded: non-hazardous materials, occupational health and safety, standard municipal and wastewater treatment processes, including nutrient removal, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and the manufacture of explosives.

《Journal of Hazardous Materials》发表完整的研究论文、评论和案例研究，旨在提高我们对某些材料对人类和环境造成的危害和风险的理解，以及处理和控制这些危害和相关风险的方法。编辑特别欢迎评论文章的建议。为限制范围，以下领域被排除在外：非危险材料、工作场所的健康与安全、标准市政和废水处理工艺，包括去除营养物质、减少温室气体排放和制造炸药。

Journal of Hazardous Materials

J Hazard Mater

Closed-loop selective recycling process of spent LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 batteries by thermal-driven conversion.

The thermal-driven conversion recycling process revealed in this study will encourage researchers to ensure more efforts in efficient and selective recovery for sustainable energy storage of rechargeable batteries.

Category	Quartile
环境科学与生态学	1
环境科学与生态学, 工程环境	1
环境科学与生态学, 环境科学	1

Closed-loop selective recycling process of spent LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 batteries by thermal-driven conversion.

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	1