Abstract Previous experiments with barium titanate crystals have shown that electric field applied in the vicinity of its ferroelectric phase transition can be used to introduce peculiar ferroelectric domain walls, persisting to the ambient conditions: head‐to‐head charged walls compensated by the 2D electron gas. The present in situ optical observations allow the documentation of the early stage of this poling process in which the cubic and ferroelectric phases coexist, the latter being broken into multiple martensitic superdomains, separated by superdomain boundaries. It is revealed that the transient superdomains are subsequently converted into the regular ferroelectric domains, while the superdomain boundaries transform into the desired charged domain walls. In order to assign the observed transient domain patterns, to understand the shapes of the observed ferrolectric precipitates and their agglomerates as well as to provide the overall interpretation of the recorded domain formation process, the implications of the mechanical compatibility of the coexisting superdomain states are derived in the framework of the Wechsler–Lieberman–Read theory. These results also suggest that both the electric conductivity and interlinked motion of the superdomain boundaries and phase fronts are involved in the transport of the compensating charge carriers toward the charged domain wall location.

Petr S. Bednyakov

Jiří Hlinka

Advanced Electronic Materials

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 是一个跨学科论坛，用于在材料科学、物理学以及电子和磁性材料工程领域进行同行评议、高质量、高影响力的研究。除了基础研究外，它还包括电子和磁性材料、自旋电子学、电子学、器件物理和工程、微纳机电系统和有机电子学的物理和物理特性研究。

Advanced Electronic Materials is an interdisciplinary forum dedicated to high-quality, peer-reviewed research in the fields of materials science, physics, and electronic and magnetic materials engineering. The journal encompasses not only fundamental research but also studies on the physical properties of electronic and magnetic materials, spintronics, electronics, device physics and engineering, micro-nano electromechanical systems, and organic electronics.

《Advanced Electronic Materials》是一个跨学科的论坛，专注于材料科学、物理学以及电子和磁性材料工程领域的高质量、同行评审研究。该期刊不仅涵盖基础研究，还包括电子和磁性材料、自旋电子学、电子学、器件物理与工程、微纳机电系统以及有机电子学的物理特性研究。

Category	Quartile
材料科学	2
材料科学, 物理应用	2
材料科学, 材料科学综合	3
材料科学, 纳米科技	3

Charged Domain Walls in BaTiO₃ Crystals Emerging from Superdomain Boundaries

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Category	Quartile
PHYSICS, APPLIED	1

Charged Domain Walls in BaTiO3 Crystals Emerging from Superdomain Boundaries

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Charged Domain Walls in BaTiO₃ Crystals Emerging from Superdomain Boundaries