Spinal rotation, though being a very common motion of the body, is poorly understood. Furthermore, this motion and the extent of its development is unique to the human. Beyond the extent of its need in common activities, spinal rotation is a destabilizating motion for an inherently unstable structure. Spinal rotation has been argued to be an essential feature for an efficient bipedal gait. Also, it provides leverage to the upper extremities in delivering a forceful impact. An artificial restriction/elimination of spinal rotation resulted in significantly shorter stride length, slower walking velocity, and higher energy consumption in walking (p < 0.05). Spinal rotation also decreases the amount of force the spinal muscles can generate (to 25% of spinal extension). However, its extensive employment in industrial activities has been associated with 60.4% of back injuries. It is further stated that the amount of scientific information currently available is inadequate to biomechanically model the spinal response in a working environment. For example, when the spine is pre-rotated, a further rotation in the direction of pre-rotation decreases the force production significantly (p < 0.01) and increases the EMG activity significantly (p < 0.01) but the pattern changes with effort in the opposite direction. This and other properties (described in the paper) render biomechanical models inadequate. Muscle activation pattern and neuromotor behaviour of spinal muscles in flexion/extension and rotation of the spine are significantly different from each other (p < 0.01). The localized fatigue in different spinal muscles in the same contraction is significantly different and has been called differential fatigue. Finally, the trunk rotation, being pivotal for bipedal locomotion has brought many back problems to the human race.

Shrawan Kumar

Ergonomics

人体工程学，也称为人为因素，是一门旨在理解和改善人类与产品、设备、环境和系统的交互的科学学科。人体工程学利用人类生物学、心理学、工程和设计，旨在开发和应用知识和技术来优化系统性能，同时保护相关人员的健康、安全和福祉。人体工程学的关注延伸到我们日常生活的工作、休闲和其他方面。 ERGONOMICS 杂志是一份国际参考刊物，拥有 60 年传播高质量研究的传统。邀请来自整个学科的原始提交，包括理论和应用，包括物理、认知、组织和环境人体工程学。报告来自同源学科的研究结果的论文也很受欢迎，这些论文有助于理解设备、任务、工作、系统和环境以及相应的需求、能力和人的局限性。本刊所有发表的研究文章都经过了严格的同行评审，基于初始编辑筛选和独立专家审稿人的匿名审稿。

Ergonomics, also known as human factors, is a scientific discipline aimed at understanding and improving the interactions between humans and products, equipment, environments, and systems. It integrates knowledge from human biology, psychology, engineering, and design to optimize system performance while safeguarding the health, safety, and well-being of individuals involved. The scope of ergonomics extends to various aspects of our daily lives, including work, leisure, and more. The journal "Ergonomics" is an international reference publication with a tradition of disseminating high-quality research for over 60 years. We invite original submissions from across the discipline, including both theoretical and applied research, covering physical, cognitive, organizational, and environmental ergonomics. Papers reporting findings from related disciplines that contribute to the understanding of equipment, tasks, work, systems, and environments, as well as the corresponding needs, capabilities, and limitations of humans, are also welcomed. All research articles published in this journal undergo rigorous peer review, based on initial editorial screening and anonymous reviews by independent experts.

人体工程学，也称为人为因素，是一门旨在理解和改善人类与产品、设备、环境和系统之间交互的科学学科。它结合了人类生物学、心理学、工程和设计的知识，旨在优化系统性能，同时保护相关人员的健康、安全和福祉。人体工程学的研究范围涵盖了我们日常生活中的工作、休闲及其他方面。期刊《Ergonomics》是一份国际性参考刊物，已有60年的高质量研究传播传统。我们欢迎来自各个学科的原创研究投稿，包括理论和应用研究，涉及物理、认知、组织和环境人体工程学。我们也鼓励来自相关学科的研究成果，这些研究有助于理解设备、任务、工作、系统和环境，以及相应的需求、能力和人的局限性。本刊所有发表的研究文章均经过严格的同行评审，基于初步编辑筛选和独立专家的匿名审稿。

The Ergonomics Society – The Society Lectures 2003

It is stated that the amount of scientific information currently available is inadequate to biomechanically model the spinal response in a working environment and this and other properties render biomechanical models inadequate.

Category	Quartile
工程技术	3
工程技术, 心理学	3
工程技术, 工程工业	4
工程技术, 人体工程学	4
工程技术, 心理学应用	4

The Ergonomics Society – The Society Lectures 2003

ivySCI AI Smartly Parses PDF, Answers Researchers' Questions, and Helps You Understand Papers in Seconds

Journal Info

Category	Quartile
PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED	3