Traditional marker-assisted selection (MAS) did not result in a widespread use of DNA information in animal breeding. The main reason was that the traits of interest in livestock production were much more complex than expected: they were determined by thousands of genes with small effects on phenotype. These effects were usually too small to be statistically significant and so were ignored. Genomic selection (GS) assumes that all markers might be linked to a gene affecting the trait and concentrates on estimating their effect rather than testing its significance. Three technological breakthroughs resulted in the current wide-spread use of DNA information in animal breeding: the development of the genomic selection technology, the discovery of massive numbers of genetic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs), and high-throughput technology to genotype animals for (hundreds of) thousands of SNPs in a cost-effective manner. Here we review current methods for GS, including how they deal with practical data, where genotypes are missing on a large scale. The use of whole-genome sequence data is anticipated, and its advantages and disadvantages are depicted. Current and predicted future impacts of GS on dairy and beef cattle, pigs, and poultry breeding are described. Finally, future directions for GS are discussed. It is anticipated that future GS applications will either be: within breed (wbGS), where accuracy is obtained by maintaining huge within-breed reference populations; or across breed (abGS) where accuracy is obtained from across-breed reference populations and high-density GS methods that focus on causative genomic regions. We argue that future GS applications will increasingly turn toward abGS.

Theo Meuwissen

Ben Hayes

Mike Goddard

Animal Frontiers

ANIMAL FRONTIERS 是以下全球活跃的专业动物科学学会的官方期刊：ASAS、美国动物科学学会 CSAS、加拿大动物科学学会 EAAP、欧洲动物科学联合会 AMSA、美国肉类科学协会这些组织致力于推动进步传播有关畜牧业的科学知识。 ANIMAL FRONTIERS 提供了一个新颖的论坛，提供创新和及时的观点，这些观点与通过动物农业了解工作中的复杂动态有关。 ANIMAL FRONTIERS 发表讨论和立场文件，就畜牧业中具有高影响力的全球问题的现状提出若干国际观点。每期都将探讨动物科学和动物农业中广泛和当前感兴趣的主题。

Animal Frontiers is the official journal of several active global professional animal science societies, including the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), the Canadian Society of Animal Science (CSAS), the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), and the American Meat Science Association (AMSA). These organizations are dedicated to advancing the dissemination of scientific knowledge related to livestock. Animal Frontiers provides an innovative forum for publishing timely and novel perspectives related to the complex dynamics of animal agriculture. The journal also features discussions and position papers that present international viewpoints on high-impact global issues in livestock. Each issue explores a wide range of current and relevant topics in animal science and animal agriculture.

《Animal Frontiers》是全球多个活跃的专业动物科学学会的官方期刊，包括美国动物科学学会（ASAS）、加拿大动物科学学会（CSAS）、欧洲动物科学联合会（EAAP）、美国肉类科学协会（AMSA）等。这些组织致力于推动与畜牧业相关的科学知识的传播。《Animal Frontiers》提供了一个新颖的论坛，发表与动物农业中复杂动态相关的创新和及时的观点。期刊还刊登讨论和立场文件，提出关于畜牧业中高影响力全球问题的国际视角。每期将探讨动物科学和动物农业中广泛且当前感兴趣的主题。

Genomic selection: A paradigm shift in animal breeding

It is argued that future GS applications will increasingly turn toward abGS, where accuracy is obtained from across-breed reference populations and high-density GS methods that focus on causative genomic regions.

Category	Quartile
农林科学	2
农林科学, 奶制品与动物科学	2

Genomic selection: A paradigm shift in animal breeding

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE	1