During RNA viral infection, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize the intracellular pathogenic RNA species derived from viral replication and activate antiviral innate immune response by stimulating type 1 interferon expression. Three RLR members, namely, RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 are homologous and belong to a subgroup of superfamily 2 Helicase/ATPase that is preferably activated by double-stranded RNA. RLRs are significantly different in gene architecture, RNA ligand preference, activation, and molecular functions. As switchable macromolecular sensors, RLRs' activities are tightly regulated by RNA ligands, ATP, posttranslational modifications, and cellular cofactors. We provide a comprehensive review of the structure and function of the RLRs and summarize the molecular understanding of sensing and signaling events during the RLR activation process. The key roles RLR signaling play in both anti-infection and immune disease conditions highlight the therapeutic potential in targeting this important molecular pathway.

Jie Zheng

Wenjia Shi

Ziqun Yang

Jin Chen

Ao Qi

Yulin Yang

Ying Deng

Dongyuan Yang

Ning Song

Bin Song

Dahai Luo

Advances in Immunology

50 多年来，《免疫学进展》为学生和研究人员提供了最新的免疫学信息。您可以继续依靠 ADVANCES IN IMMUNOLOGY 为您提供批判性评论，通过对当前知识和研究的总结和评估来检查对该领域至关重要的主题。文章强调基本概念，但也评估实验方法。

For over 50 years, Advances in Immunology has provided students and researchers with the latest information in immunology. You can continue to rely on Advances in Immunology for critical reviews that examine essential topics in the field through summaries and evaluations of current knowledge and research. The articles emphasize fundamental concepts while also assessing experimental methods.

《免疫学进展》已为学生和研究人员提供了超过50年的最新免疫学信息。您可以继续依赖《Advances in Immunology》为您提供批判性的评论，通过总结和评估当前的知识和研究，深入探讨该领域的重要主题。文章不仅强调基本概念，还评估实验方法。

Category	Quartile
医学	3
医学, 免疫学	3

RIG-I-like receptors: Molecular mechanism of activation and signaling

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