The periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone are two critical tissues for understanding orthodontic tooth movement. The current literature is replete with descriptive studies of multiple cell types and their matrices in the PDL and alveolar bone, but is deficient with how stem/progenitor cells differentiate into PDL and alveolar bone cells. Can one type of orthodontic force with a specific magnitude and frequency activate osteoblasts, whereas another force type activates osteoclasts? This chapter will discuss the biology of not only mature cells and their matrices in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, but also stem/progenitor cells that differentiate into fibroblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Key advances in tooth movement rely on further understanding of osteoblast and fibroblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, and osteoclastogenesis from the hematopoietic/monocyte lineage.

Nan Jiang

Weihua Guo

Mo Chen

Ying Zheng

Jian Zhou

Sahng Gyoon Kim

Mildred C. Embree

Karen Songhee Song

Heloisa F. Marao

Jeremy J. Mao

Tooth Movement

Frontiers of Oral Biology

Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone in Health and Adaptation: Tooth Movement

健康与适应中的牙周韧带和牙槽骨：牙齿移动

Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone in Health and Adaptation: Tooth Movement

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