Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that combines living cells, biomaterials, and biological molecules to develop biologically functional constructs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is commonly used as anin vitromodeling system and is a more accurate representation ofin vivoconditions in comparison to two-dimensional cell culture. Although 3D bioprinting has been utilized in various tissue engineering and clinical applications, it only takes into consideration the initial state of the printed scaffold or object. Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged in recent years to incorporate the additional dimension of time within the printed 3D scaffolds. During the 4D bioprinting process, an external stimulus is exposed to the printed construct, which ultimately changes its shape or functionality. By studying how the structures and the embedded cells respond to various stimuli, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the functionality of native tissues. This review paper will focus on the biomaterial breakthroughs in the newly advancing field of 4D bioprinting and their applications in tissue engineering and regeneration. In addition, the use of smart biomaterials and 4D printing mechanisms for tissue engineering applications is discussed to demonstrate potential insights for novel 4D bioprinting applications. To address the current challenges with this technology, we will conclude with future perspectives involving the incorporation of biological scaffolds and self-assembling nanomaterials in bioprinted tissue constructs.

Leah Faber

Anne Yau

Yupeng Chen

Biofabrication

生物制造专注于关于使用细胞、蛋白质、生物材料和生物材料作为制造生物系统和/或治疗产品的构建块的前沿研究。重点是制造技术的发展、制造结构的建模和生物制造对象向预期组织类型的成熟。它包括以下主题：用于体外细胞模型和组织模型的细胞、组织和器官打印、图案化和组装用于组织前体、类似物和替代物作为疾病模型作为药物/毒理学筛选模型生物制造的细胞/生物材料集成系统和医疗设备生物芯片和生物传感器载细胞微流控设备细胞/组织/实验室/芯片上的器官新型 3D 组织支架制造（生物）制造技术的融合复杂支架和表面工程的新工艺生物活性和仿生组织支架在层次结构中设计“活性和反应性”界面直接和间接制造方法。 。ETC。

Biofabrication focuses on cutting-edge research involving the use of cells, proteins, biomaterials, and their combinations as building blocks for manufacturing biological systems and therapeutic products. The journal emphasizes the development of manufacturing technologies, modeling of manufacturing structures, and the maturation of biofabricated objects into the intended tissue types. Topics covered include: cell, tissue, and organ printing for in vitro cell and tissue models; patterning and assembly techniques for tissue precursors, analogs, and substitutes; drug/toxicology screening models as disease models; integrated systems of cells/biomaterials in biofabrication and medical devices; biochips and biosensors; cell-laden microfluidic devices; organs on chips/labs; novel 3D tissue scaffold manufacturing; integration of (bio)manufacturing technologies; new processes in complex scaffolds and surface engineering; hierarchical design of bioactive and biomimetic tissue scaffolds; direct and indirect manufacturing methods for “active and reactive” interfaces, etc.

生物制造（Biofabrication）专注于使用细胞、蛋白质、生物材料及其组合作为构建生物系统和治疗产品的前沿研究。该期刊重点关注制造技术的发展、制造结构的建模，以及生物制造对象向预期组织类型的成熟。涵盖的主题包括：用于体外细胞模型和组织模型的细胞、组织和器官打印；图案化和组装用于组织前体、类似物和替代物的技术；作为疾病模型的药物/毒理学筛选模型；生物制造的细胞/生物材料集成系统和医疗设备；生物芯片和生物传感器；载细胞微流控设备；细胞/组织/实验室/芯片上的器官；新型3D组织支架制造；（生物）制造技术的融合；复杂支架和表面工程的新工艺；生物活性和仿生组织支架的层次结构设计；“活性和反应性”界面的直接和间接制造方法等。

Category	Quartile
医学	2
医学, 工程生物医学	2
医学, 材料科学生物材料	2

Translational biomaterials of four-dimensional bioprinting for tissue regeneration

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS	1