The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins with important physiological functions, whose synthesis is enhanced by elevated temperature or other stresses. HSPs show high sequence homology between different species, from bacteria to humans. Despite the significant degree of evolutionary conservation, HSPs are highly immunogenic. Of the several HSPs, HSP90 is an abundant, constitutively expressed chaperone constituting around 1-2% of total cellular protein under non-stress conditions. This protein from even the most distantly related eukaryotes has 50% amino acid identity, and all have more than 40% identity with the Escherichia coli protein. They are immunodominant antigens for many common microbes, and thus their epitopes are recognized by the immune system. As HSPs are overexpressed at sites of acute and chronic inflammation, individuals are likely to be sensitized during the course of a microbial infection encountered during life. This chapter considers the evidence of a role for HSP90 in autoimmune ovarian failure, where autoantibodies to it have been observed in patients, and has been correlated to infertility.IntroductionAs I studied Immunology right from my days of graduation, I kept asking myself one of the most important questions in Immunology-how does the immune system distinguish between "self" and "nonself"? In a normal, healthy individual, the immune system is able to specifically eliminate unwanted, non-self, and potentially dangerous organisms without attacking its own tissues or cellular components. In some cases, however, this fine-tuning is disturbed leading to autoimmunity: the activation and proliferation of autoreactive lymphocytes or even to an autoimmune disease. In the case of organ-specific autoimmunity, the antibodies produced by the activated B-lymphocytes are directed to self-components expressed only in a

Eusebio S. Pires

The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Reproductive System Development and Function

"Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology" presents critical reviews on all topical fields of normal and experimental anatomy including cell biology. The multi-perspective presentation of morphological aspects of basic biological phenomen in the human constitutes the main focus of the series. The contributions re-evaluate the latest findings and show ways for further research.

"Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology" presents critical reviews on all topical fields of normal and experimental anatomy, including cell biology. The main focus of the series is the multi-perspective presentation of the morphological aspects of basic biological phenomena in humans. Contributors re-evaluate the latest findings and outline directions for further research.

《Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology》期刊提供关于正常和实验解剖学各个领域的关键评论，包括细胞生物学。该系列的主要焦点是多角度展示人类基本生物现象的形态学方面。贡献者重新评估最新发现，并展示进一步研究的方向。

Category	Quartile
生物学	4
生物学, 解剖学与形态学	4
生物学, 细胞生物学	4

The Unmysterious Roles of HSP90: Ovarian Pathology and Autoantibodies

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