he androgen receptor, upon binding to a ligand, functions as a transcription factor, ultimately helping to maintain the proper structure and function of the prostate. In prostate cancer, the constant activation of the androgen pathway in the cell leads to the proliferation of cancer cells and the development of prostate cancer. The individual stages of androgen signaling have become the target of anti-androgen therapy, which ultimately results in a decrease in testosterone levels in the cell. Over time, the duration of therapy leads to the emergence of new mechanisms of resistance in prostate cancer cells, such as an increase in the number of androgen receptors or endogenous synthesis of testosterone. This ultimately leads to the evolution of cancer cells into castration-resistantprostate cancer. This article aims to review and compare contemporary anti-hormonal drugs used in prostate cancer. New generation drugs such as enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide bind to the androgen receptor and inhibit its translocation to the cell nucleus. Abiraterone acetate inhibits endogenous testosterone synthesis, while relugolix is the first oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue that does not cause a “flare” effect. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and biology of the androgen receptor is crucial for future directions in the development of prostate cancer drug therapies and their appropriate use.

Anna BARNAŚ

Andrzej ANTCZAK

Wojciech A. CIEŚLIKOWSKI

Postępy Biologii Komórki

POSTĘPY BIOLOGII KOMÓRKI (PBK) drukują artykuły przeglądowe w języku polskim lub angielskim z zakresu najnowszych osiągnięć biologii komórki, niepublikowane dotąd w innych wydawnictwach. Autorzy odpowiadają za ścisłość podawanych informacji. Obowiązuje terminologia zgodna z polskim mianownictwem biochemicznym, histologicznym, anatomicznym i embriologicznym oraz Słownikiem Biologii Komórki PAU 2008. Artykuły drukowane w PBK bez zgody redakcji nie mogą być publikowane w innych periodykach.

The journal "Advances in Cell Biology" (POSTĘPY BIOLOGII KOMÓRKI, PBK) publishes review articles in Polish or English on the latest achievements in cell biology that have not been previously published in other outlets. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the information provided. The terminology used must comply with the Polish nomenclature in biochemistry, histology, anatomy, and embryology, as well as the 2008 PAU Dictionary of Cell Biology. Articles published in PBK cannot be published in other periodicals without the consent of the editorial board.

《Advances in Cell Biology》期刊（POSTĘPY BIOLOGII KOMÓRKI，PBK）发表关于细胞生物学最新进展的综述文章，文章可用波兰语或英语撰写，且未曾在其他出版物上发表。作者需对所提供信息的准确性负责。期刊使用的术语应符合波兰生物化学、组织学、解剖学和胚胎学的命名规范，以及2008年PAU细胞生物学词典的标准。未经编辑部同意，PBK上发表的文章不得在其他期刊上发布。

Category	Quartile
生物学	4
生物学, 细胞生物学	4

THE ROLE OF THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN PROSTATE CANCER

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
CELL BIOLOGY	4