The present-day state and future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet depend on the rate at which the ocean melts its fringing ice shelves. Ocean heat must cross many physical and dynamical barriers to melt ice shelves, with the last of these being the ice–ocean boundary layer. This review summarizes the current understanding of ice–ocean boundary-layer dynamics, focusing on recent progress from laboratory experiments, turbulence-resolving numerical simulations, novel observations, and the application to large-scale simulations. The complex interplay between buoyant meltwater and external processes such as current shear leads to the emergence of several melting regimes that we describe, as well as freezing processes. The remaining challenges include developing new parameterizations for large-scale ice–ocean models based on recent advances and understanding the coevolution of melt and basal topography.

Madelaine G. Rosevear

Bishakhdatta Gayen

Catherine A. Vreugdenhil

Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi

Annual Review of Marine Science

自 2009 年起出版的《海洋科学年度回顾》提供了关于海洋科学领域的观点。该杂志从沿海和蓝水海洋学（生物、化学、地质和物理）的主要学科以及以海洋环境为统一主题的生态学、保护和技术发展学科的不同主题中汲取灵感。

The Annual Review of Marine Science, published since 2009, offers in-depth perspectives on the field of marine science. This journal draws inspiration from major disciplines of coastal and blue water oceanography, including biology, chemistry, geology, and physics, as well as various topics related to ecology, conservation, and technological developments centered around the marine environment.

《Annual Review of Marine Science》自2009年起出版，提供了关于海洋科学领域的深入观点。该期刊涵盖了沿海和深海海洋学的主要学科，包括生物、化学、地质和物理等方面，同时也探讨了以海洋环境为主题的生态学、保护和技术发展的不同领域。

Category	Quartile
地球科学	1
地球科学, 地球化学与地球物理	1
地球科学, 海洋与淡水生物学	1
地球科学, 海洋学	1

How Does the Ocean Melt Antarctic Ice Shelves?

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