Abstract There is a well-known variety of contact paradoxes which are significantly linked to topology. The aim of this paper is to present a new paradox concerning contact with bodies composed of a denumerable infinity of parts. This paradox establishes the logical necessity, in a Newtonian context, of contact forces (herein called “phantom forces”) that violate what is probably our most basic causal intuition, embodied in what I call the Principle of Influence: any force exerted on a body B induces (causes) change of movement of B or (inclusive disjunction) the emergence of internal forces in B. However, the above paradox can be made strictly compatible with a Newtonian framework by introducing phantom forces as ideal elements in the Hilbert sense, though it will be seen that this does not solve all the problems.

Jon Pérez Laraudogoitia

Foundations of Science

科学基础侧重于与科学结构和发展有关的具有基础意义的方法论和哲学主题。它是在职科学家和科学理论家之间交流观点和思想的论坛，并寻求促进跨学科合作。由于各种科学学科变得如此专业化，不同科学领域的工作者无法接触到，因此其目标之一是该杂志将以一种没有不必要的技术性但忠实于科学内容的方式介绍科学的基础问题。该杂志的目的不仅仅是识别和突出基本问题和问题，而是为这些问题提出建设性的解决方案。该杂志的编辑承认，各种科学都有各自特有的方法和方法。然而，他们认为，重要的真理可以通过科学发现，而且真理超越了文化和政治背景。尽管正确进行的历史和社会学调查可以解释科学事业的某些方面，但编辑们认为，当代科学的核心基础问题可以在不求助于社会学或历史方法的情况下提出和回答。

The journal "Foundations of Science" focuses on foundational methodological and philosophical themes related to the structure and development of science. It serves as a forum for active scientists and scientific theorists to exchange views and ideas, aiming to promote interdisciplinary collaboration. As various scientific disciplines become highly specialized, it often becomes challenging for workers in different fields to access each other's work. Therefore, one of the journal's goals is to present foundational scientific issues in a manner that is free from unnecessary technicality while remaining faithful to the scientific content. The journal not only identifies and highlights fundamental questions but also seeks to provide constructive solutions to these issues. The editors acknowledge that different sciences have their unique methods and approaches; however, they believe that significant truths can be discovered through science, transcending cultural and political contexts. While properly conducted historical and sociological investigations can elucidate certain aspects of the scientific enterprise, the editors contend that the core foundational questions of contemporary science can be posed and answered without resorting to sociological or historical methods.

《Foundations of Science》期刊专注于科学结构和发展相关的基础性方法论和哲学主题。它为在职科学家和科学理论家提供了一个交流观点和思想的论坛，旨在促进跨学科的合作。随着各科学科的高度专业化，不同领域的研究者往往难以接触到彼此的工作，因此该期刊的目标之一是以一种不带不必要技术性的方式，忠实于科学内容地介绍科学的基础问题。期刊不仅识别和突出基本问题，还致力于为这些问题提供建设性的解决方案。编辑们承认，各科学科都有其独特的方法和视角，但他们认为，重要的真理可以通过科学发现而获得，这些真理超越了文化和政治的背景。尽管历史和社会学的研究可以解释科学事业的某些方面，编辑们认为，当代科学的核心基础问题可以在不依赖社会学或历史方法的情况下提出和回答。

Category	Quartile
哲学	4
哲学, 科学史与科学哲学	4

A New Contact Paradox

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE	2