Data analytics facilitate the examination of spatial data sets by using multiple techniques to find and understand patterns to guide decision making. However, standard data analysis tools assume that the data are independent and identically distributed, an assumption that spatial data sets usually do not fulfill. Furthermore, the usual methods neglect spatial continuity and the inherent data paucity that should be considered in the data analytics workflow. We present a new approach that combines data analytics, geostatistics, and optimization techniques to provide an end-to-end workflow to analyze two-dimensional (2D) data sets. The proposed workflow identifies outliers based on their spatial location or distribution, models geological trends using a Gaussian kernel, models the semivariogram, and performs sequential Gaussian simulation applying kriging or cokriging for cosimulation. Moreover, it provides metrics and diagnostic plots to evaluate the goodness of the results at each step. It is also semiautomatic because it leverages the user’s judgment for subsequent operations. For optimization, the workflow uses Bayesian optimization and evolutionary algorithms. We demonstrate the use of the workflow by analyzing 1,152 wells over the Duvernay Formation in Canada. The examples include the simulation of density-porosity as the secondary feature and the cosimulation of total organic content constrained by the former. The proposed workflow helps focus more on interpreting the results than the modeling parameters, reducing workforce time and subjective errors. Moreover, the spatial simulation includes multiple realizations to assess uncertainty and support decision making in data paucity scenarios. Overall, the proposed workflow is a valuable and complementary tool for evaluating uncertainty in mature geospatial data.

Jose J. Salazar

Jesus Ochoa

Léan Garland

Larry W. Lake

Michael J. Pyrcz

Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description

PETROPHYSICS 包含对地层评价的理论和应用方面的原创性贡献，包括裸眼和套管井测井、岩心分析和地层测试。

The journal "Petrophysics" publishes original research contributions on the theory and application of formation evaluation, including open-hole and cased-hole logging, core analysis, and formation testing.

《Petrophysics》期刊发表关于地层评价的原创性研究，包括裸眼和套管井测井、岩心分析及地层测试等理论与应用方面的贡献。

Category	Quartile
工程技术	4
工程技术, 工程石油	4
工程技术, 地球化学与地球物理	4

Spatial Data Analytics-Assisted Subsurface Modeling: A Duvernay Case Study

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Journal Info

Category	Quartile
GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS	4