The female urethra is relatively short compared with its male counterpart and is generally between 2 and 4 cm in length. It is made up of an inner layer of mucosal epithelium with numerous infoldings that create an effective seal against the passive loss of urine. Beneath the mucosa lies a rich, vascular network of elastic tissue that is much like the corpus spongiosum. Surrounding the spongy vascular tube is a collagen-rich fibromuscular envelope comprising the periurethral fascia. These three components of a normal urethra are crucial in maintaining continence and enabling dynamic function during increases in abdominal pressure and during normal micturition.

Nirit Rosenblum

Female urethral reconstruction

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