Streptomycin has not been reported previously for the treatment of Oriental leishmaniasis, although several other antibiotic drugs have been employed.<sup>*</sup>This report deals only with the treatment of Oriental leishmaniasis and does not include the American type, although treatment in allied protozoal infections is recommended. Dihydrostreptomycin was used in the treatment of 133 cases of Mediterranean Oriental leishmaniasis of all varieties. The drug may be injected locally into the lesions or given parenterally or by both methods, and is equally effective by either technique. Local injections into single lesions is inexpensive and usually not more than three injections are needed in such cases. According to the size of the lesion, 0.25 to 0.5 gm. in 1 to 4 cc. of distilled water or saline may be injected locally. If the site is unfavorable for local injections or in large lesions of long standing and in small children, the systemic treatment

ADVANCE IN MANAGEMENT OF ORIENTAL LEISHMANIASIS

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