Abstract In this paper I review the Neo-Davidsonian semantics of prepositional phrases and secondary predication. I argue that certain types of examples pose challenge to this semantics. I present an alternative to the Neo-Davidsonian analysis which successfully deals with the problematic examples. The core idea lies in representing theta-roles not as functions from events to their participants, but rather as argument-labels encoding the role of each argument in a given verb. As a result, natural-language predicates can now be treated in the manner in which relations are treated in the relational model of data, that is, as naming sets of tuples in which every object is given together with its role named by a corresponding attribute (a theta-role). Such a representation allows the employment of relational algebra operators to calculate the extensions of complex predicates (predicates built out of atomic predicates and/or atomic predicates and prepositions). I lay out the foundations of a relational FOL appropriate for the representation of natural-language predicates and present solutions to the problematic examples. From a practical perspective, the expressions of a relational FOL can be translated to a relational algebra or SQL, which makes it possible to operate with these three languages on the same relational model of data. From a philosophical perspective, a relational FOL permits a return to ‘property-based’ semantics, one in which properties named by predicates are those of individuals, and not of events.

Olga Poller

Axiomathes

公理：科学与哲学相遇的地方 许多领域的研究证实，科学正在改变其性质。自然科学、认知和社会科学、数学和哲学（即为理解和模拟现实而开发的工具集）超越了伽利略和笛卡尔引入的概念框架。复杂和混乱；网络动态；预期系统；经验的定性方面（例如意图）；涌现的属性和对象；向前、向上和向下的因果关系：所有这些都预示着一个新的科学议程。AXIOMATHES 出版了关于科学、数学和哲学中不断发展的思想、观点和方法的研究。这种曙光的许多方面是未知的：将会有惊人的好想法和许多死胡同。我们欢迎这种发酵。尽管 AXIOMATHES 的范围是开放的，但学术深度、质量和精确性仍然是出版的先决条件。AXIOMATHES 欢迎投稿，无论它们来自何种传统、思想流派或学科背景。该杂志编辑委员会的成员在他们的从属关系和兴趣的多样性中反映了这种方法。 AXIOMATHES 每年包括一期，标题为 EPISTEMOLOGIA。有关此联合出版物的更多信息，请参阅右侧的标签。所有提交内容均经过双盲同行评审，平均同行评审时间为 3 个月。AXIOMATHES 发表：·       研究文章，展示原创想法和结果。·       评审文章，全面综合和批判性评估最近的原创作品或与主题相关的书籍的选定集合。·       评论，对以前发表的文章进行评论的简短文章。·       图书座谈会，邀请评论员与作者讨论一本有影响力的书，谁以结论性答复进行回答。·       特刊，专家作为客座编辑与期刊合作，以确定科学、数学或哲学领域的有趣主题，并与选定的投稿人互动，负责期刊的一整期。 AXIOMATHES 邀请可能有兴趣收集和编辑此类特刊的潜在客座编辑与编辑联系，以讨论该项目的可行性。期刊的普通一期。·       希望提交回复文章或评论文章提案、书籍研讨会、特刊或焦点辩论的作者，请联系编辑以获取更多信息。

Axiomathes is a meeting point for science and philosophy. Research across various fields indicates that science is undergoing a transformation in its nature. Natural sciences, cognitive and social sciences, mathematics, and philosophy—tools developed to understand and simulate reality—are transcending the conceptual frameworks introduced by Galileo and Descartes. Complexity and chaos, network dynamics, anticipated systems, qualitative aspects of experience (such as intention), emergent properties and objects, and multi-directional causality all signal a new scientific agenda. Axiomathes publishes research on the evolving ideas, perspectives, and methodologies in science, mathematics, and philosophy. Many aspects of this emerging light remain unexplored, promising astonishing insights while also presenting potential dead ends. We welcome this fermentation. While the scope of Axiomathes is open, academic depth, quality, and precision remain prerequisites for publication. Axiomathes invites submissions from any tradition, school of thought, or disciplinary background. The diversity of affiliations and interests among the editorial board members reflects this approach. Axiomathes publishes one issue per year, titled EPISTEMOLOGIA. For more information about this joint publication, please refer to the label on the right. All submissions undergo double-blind peer review, with an average review time of three months. Axiomathes publishes: · Research articles that showcase original ideas and results; · Review articles that comprehensively synthesize and critically evaluate a selected collection of recent original works or books related to the topic; · Comments, brief articles that critique previously published articles; · Book symposia, inviting commentators to discuss an influential book with the author, who responds with a conclusive reply; · Special issues, where experts collaborate as guest editors with the journal to identify interesting topics in science, mathematics, or philosophy and interact with selected contributors, overseeing an entire issue of the journal. Axiomathes invites potential guest editors interested in collecting and editing such special issues to contact the editors to discuss the feasibility of the project. The journal's regular issue. Authors wishing to submit proposals for response articles, comment articles, book symposia, special issues, or focused debates should contact the editors for more information.

《Axiomathes》是科学与哲学交汇的地方。许多领域的研究表明，科学正在经历性质的变革。自然科学、认知科学、社会科学、数学和哲学（这些都是理解和模拟现实的工具）超越了伽利略和笛卡尔所引入的概念框架。复杂性和混乱、网络动态、预期系统、经验的定性方面（如意图）、涌现的属性和对象，以及因果关系的多重方向，预示着一个新的科学议程。AXIOMATHES 发表关于科学、数学和哲学中不断发展的思想、观点和方法的研究。这些新兴的思想中有许多尚未被探索，可能会带来惊人的创见，也可能会遇到许多瓶颈。我们欢迎这种探索。尽管 AXIOMATHES 的范围是开放的，但学术深度、质量和准确性仍然是出版的基本要求。AXIOMATHES 欢迎来自不同传统、思想流派或学科背景的投稿。期刊编辑委员会的成员在其从属关系和兴趣的多样性上体现了这一方法。AXIOMATHES 每年出版一期，标题为 EPISTEMOLOGIA。有关此联合出版物的更多信息，请参见右侧标签。所有提交的内容均经过双盲同行评审，平均评审时间为三个月。AXIOMATHES 发表以下类型的文章：· 研究文章，展示原创思想和结果；· 评审文章，全面综合和批判性评估最近的原创作品或与主题相关的书籍的选定集合；· 评论，简短的文章对以前发表的文章进行评论；· 图书座谈会，邀请评论员与作者讨论一本有影响力的书，并由作者进行结论性回应；· 特刊，专家作为客座编辑与期刊合作，确定科学、数学或哲学领域的有趣主题，并与选定的投稿人互动，负责期刊的一整期。AXIOMATHES 邀请有兴趣收集和编辑此类特刊的潜在客座编辑与编辑联系，以讨论项目的可行性。期刊的普通一期。希望提交回复文章或评论文章提案、书籍研讨会、特刊或焦点辩论的作者，请联系编辑以获取更多信息。

Category	Quartile
哲学	3
哲学, 哲学	4

Natural-Language Predicates as Relations of the Relational Model of Data

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